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5G and beyond mobile telecommunication networks are increasingly embracing software technologies in their operation and control, similar to what has powered the growth of the cloud. This is most recently seen in the radio access network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Philip Rodgers , Paul Harvey

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) are emerging as a disruptive technology, revolutionising traditional mobile network architecture and deployments in the current 5G and the upcoming 6G era. Disaggregation of network architecture, inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Thusitha Dayaratne , Viet Vo , Shangqi Lai , Sharif Abuadbba , Blake Haydon , Hajime Suzuki , Xingliang Yuan , Carsten Rudolph

5G and beyond mobile networks will support heterogeneous use cases at an unprecedented scale, thus demanding automated control and optimization of network functionalities customized to the needs of individual users. Such fine-grained…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Andrea Lacava , Michele Polese , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Rahul Soundrarajan , Bhawani Shanker Bhati , Tarunjeet Singh , Tommaso Zugno , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has introduced an emerging RAN architecture that enables openness, intelligence, and automated control. The RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) provides the platform to design and deploy RAN controllers. xApps…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Mohammadreza Kouchaki , Vuk Marojevic

The open radio access network (O-RAN) offers new degrees of freedom for building and operating advanced cellular networks. Emphasizing on RAN disaggregation, open interfaces, multi-vendor support, and RAN intelligent controllers (RICs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Aly S. Abdalla , Joshua Moore , Nisha Adhikari , Vuk Marojevic

The proliferation of 5G technology presents an unprecedented challenge in managing the energy consumption of densely deployed network infrastructures, particularly Base Stations (BSs), which account for the majority of power usage in mobile…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-17 Xuanyu Liang , Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Qiao Wang , Swarna Chetty , Chenrui Sun , Hamed Ahmadi

The traditional black-box and monolithic approach to Radio Access Networks (RANs) has heavily limited flexibility and innovation. The Open RAN paradigm, and the architecture proposed by the O-RAN ALLIANCE, aim to address these limitations…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nicolo Longhi , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Roberto Verdone , Tommaso Melodia

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Alliance proposes an open architecture that disaggregates the RAN and supports executing custom control logic in near-real time from third-party applications, the xApps. Despite O-RAN's efforts, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Joao F. Santos , Alexandre Huff , Daniel Campos , Kleber V. Cardoso , Cristiano B. Both , Luiz A. DaSilva

The advancement of 5G and NextG networks through Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables a shift toward virtualized, modular, and disaggregated configurations. A core component of O-RAN is the RAN Intelligent Controller…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Diana Lin , Samarth Bhargav , Azuka Chiejina , Mohamed I. Ibrahem , Vijay K. Shah

RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) are programmable platforms that enable data-driven closed-loop control in the O-RAN architecture. They collect telemetry and data from the RAN, process it in custom applications, and enforce control or new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Angelo Feraudo , Stefano Maxenti , Andrea Lacava , Paolo Bellavista , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia

The impending adoption of Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is fueling innovation in the RAN towards data-driven operation. Unlike traditional RAN where the RAN data and its usage is restricted within proprietary and monolithic RAN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Pranshav Gajjar , Molham Khoja , Abiodun Ganiyu , Marc Juarez , Mahesh K. Marina , Andrew Lehane , Vijay K. Shah

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) along with artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud and edge networking, and virtualization are important enablers for designing flexible and software-driven programmable wireless networks. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Ali Fuat Sahin , Onur Salan , Ibrahim Hokelek , Ali Gorcin

As Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) continue to expand, AI-driven applications (xApps) are increasingly being deployed enhance network management. However, developing xApps without formal verification risks introducing logical…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Roberto Metere , Kangfeng Ye , Yue Gu , Zhi Zhang , Dalal Alrajeh , Michele Sevegnani , Poonam Yadav

Network virtualization, software-defined infrastructure, and orchestration are pivotal elements in contemporary networks, yielding new vectors for optimization and novel capabilities. In line with these principles, O-RAN presents an avenue…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Stefano Maxenti , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Antonio Capone , Tommaso Melodia

This paper introduces a proactive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mobility management xApp for Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Near Real-Time Radio Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC) environments, employing Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Syed Ali Zaidi , Aubida A. Al-Hameed , Abdelaziz Salama , Des Mclernon

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables a flexible, vendor-neutral deployment of 5G networks by disaggregating base station components and supporting third-party xApps for near real-time RAN control. However, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Pragya Sharma , Shihua Sun , Shachi Deshpande , Angelos Stavrou , Haining Wang

Openness and programmability in the O-RAN architecture enable closed-loop control of the Radio Access Network (RAN). Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven xApps, in the near-real-time RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), can learn from network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Angelo Feraudo , Stefano Maxenti , Andrea Lacava , Leonardo Bonati , Paolo Bellavista , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia

Open Radio Access Networks (RAN) offer diverse economic opportunities. A transition to a flexible, modular approach within the disaggregated RAN framework is crucial, involving careful planning of RAN architecture and the deployment of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Marcin Hoffmann , Salim Janji , Adam Samorzewski , Lukasz Kulacz , Cezary Adamczyk , Marcin Dryjański , Pawel Kryszkiewicz , Adrian Kliks , Hanna Bogucka

The integration of Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) principles into 5G networks introduces a paradigm shift in how radio resources are managed and optimized. O-RAN's open architecture enables the deployment of intelligent applications…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-02 A. K. Subudhi , A. Piccioni , V. Gudepu , A. Marotta , F. Graziosi , R. M. Hegde , K. Kondepu

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a major advancement in the telecommunications field, providing standardized interfaces that promote interoperability between different vendors' technologies, thereby enhancing network flexibility and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lujia Liang , Lei Zhang
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