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It is well known that a quantum circuit on $N$ qubits composed of Clifford gates with the addition of $k$ non Clifford gates can be simulated on a classical computer by an algorithm scaling as $\text{poly}(N)\exp(k)$[1]. We show that, for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Lorenzo Leone , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero , You Zhou , Alioscia Hamma

Understanding what can be learned from experiments is central to scientific progress. In this work, we use a learning-theoretic perspective to study the task of learning physical operations in a quantum machine when all operations (state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Hsin-Yuan Huang , Steven T. Flammia , John Preskill

A quantum computer needs the assistance of a classical algorithm to detect and identify errors that affect encoded quantum information. At this interface of classical and quantum computing the technique of machine learning has appeared as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-15 P. Baireuther , M. D. Caio , B. Criger , C. W. J. Beenakker , T. E. O'Brien

The task of learning a probability distribution from samples is ubiquitous across the natural sciences. The output distributions of local quantum circuits form a particularly interesting class of distributions, of key importance both to…

The Gottesman-Knill theorem asserts that a quantum circuit composed of Clifford gates can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Here we revisit this theorem and extend it to quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-11 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset

We design a quantum method for classical information compression that exploits the hidden subgroup quantum algorithm. We consider sequence data in a database with a priori unknown symmetries of the hidden subgroup type. We prove that data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Feiyang Liu , Kaiming Bian , Fei Meng , Wen Zhang , Oscar Dahlsten

We study chaos and scrambling in unitary channels by considering their entanglement properties as states. Using out-of-time-order correlation functions to diagnose chaos, we characterize the ability of a channel to process quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-23 Pavan Hosur , Xiao-Liang Qi , Daniel A. Roberts , Beni Yoshida

Noise on quantum devices is much more complex than it is commonly given credit. Far from usual models of decoherence, nearly all quantum devices are plagued both by a continuum of environments and temporal instabilities. These induce noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Gregory A. L. White , Petar Jurcevic , Charles D. Hill , Kavan Modi

Twirling noise affecting quantum gates is essential in understanding and controlling errors, but applicable operations to noise are usually restricted by symmetries inherent in quantum gates. In this work, we propose symmetric Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Kento Tsubouchi , Yosuke Mitsuhashi , Kunal Sharma , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

The study of information scrambling has profoundly deepened our understanding of many-body quantum systems. Much recent research has been devote to understanding the interplay between scrambling and decoherence in open systems. Continuing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Emanuel Dallas , Faidon Andreadakis , Paolo Zanardi

We investigate the emergence of quantum chaos and unitary T-design behavior in derandomized Clifford+T circuits using causal cover architectures. Motivated by the need for deterministic constructions that can exhibit chaotic behavior across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Asim Sharma , Avah Banerjee

Quantum scrambling is the dispersal of local information into many-body quantum entanglements and correlations distributed throughout the entire system. This concept underlies the dynamics of thermalization in closed quantum systems, and…

Current quantum computing hardware is restricted by the availability of only few, noisy qubits which limits the investigation of larger, more complex molecules in quantum chemistry calculations on quantum computers in the near-term. In this…

We propose an efficient scheme for verifying quantum computations in the `high complexity' regime i.e. beyond the remit of classical computers. Previously proposed schemes remarkably provide confidence against arbitrarily malicious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Richard Jozsa , Sergii Strelchuk

We investigate the amount of noise required to turn a universal quantum gate set into one that can be efficiently modelled classically. This question is useful for providing upper bounds on fault tolerant thresholds, and for understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Virmani , Susana F. Huelga , Martin B. Plenio

Quantum error correction is the art of protecting fragile quantum information through suitable encoding and active interventions. After encoding $k$ logical qubits into $n>k$ physical qubits using a stabilizer code, this amounts to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Eric J. Kuehnke , Kyano Levi , Joschka Roffe , Jens Eisert , Daniel Miller

In this article we investigate the possibility of encoding classical information onto multipartite quantum states in the distant laboratory framework. We show that for all states generated by Clifford operation there always exist such an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Yu Tanaka , Damian Markham , Mio Murao

We present an algorithm for performing quantum process tomography on an unknown $n$-qubit unitary $C$ from the Clifford group. Our algorithm uses Bell basis measurements to deterministically learn $C$ with $4n + 3$ queries, which is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Timothy Skaras , Paul Ginsparg

The Clifford group plays a central role in quantum randomized benchmarking, quantum tomography, and error correction protocols. Here we study the structural properties of this group. We show that any Clifford operator can be uniquely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-11 Sergey Bravyi , Dmitri Maslov

Transversal logical gates offer the opportunity for fast and low-noise logic, particularly when interspersed by a single round of parity check measurements of the underlying code. Using such circuits for the surface code requires decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Marc Serra-Peralta , Mackenzie H. Shaw , Barbara M. Terhal