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We propose trace abstraction modulo probability, a proof technique for verifying high-probability accuracy guarantees of probabilistic programs. Our proofs overapproximate the set of program traces using failure automata, finite-state…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Calvin Smith , Justin Hsu , Aws Albarghouthi

In learning-assisted theorem proving, one of the most critical challenges is to generalize to theorems unlike those seen at training time. In this paper, we introduce INT, an INequality Theorem proving benchmark, specifically designed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yuhuai Wu , Albert Qiaochu Jiang , Jimmy Ba , Roger Grosse

The ability to automatically generalise (interactive) proofs and use such generalisations to discharge related conjectures is a very hard problem which remains unsolved. Here, we develop a notion of goal types to capture key properties of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-11 Gudmund Grov , Ewen Maclean

Augmenting the multi-step reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been a persistent challenge. Recently, verification has shown promise in improving solution consistency by evaluating generated outputs. However, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shengyu Feng , Xiang Kong , Shuang Ma , Aonan Zhang , Dong Yin , Chong Wang , Ruoming Pang , Yiming Yang

Causal inference is a key research area in machine learning, yet confusion reigns over the tools needed to tackle it. There are prevalent claims in the machine learning literature that you need a bespoke causal framework or notation to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-30 Bruno Mlodozeniec , David Krueger , Richard E. Turner

Traditionally, in Programming-by-example (PBE) the goal is to synthesize a program from a small set of input-output examples. Lately, PBE has gained traction as a few-shot reasoning benchmark, relaxing the requirement to produce a program…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Janis Zenkner , Tobias Sesterhenn , Christian Bartelt

Representation determines how we can reason about a specific problem. Sometimes one representation helps us find a proof more easily than others. Most current automated reasoning tools focus on reasoning within one representation. There is,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Daniel Raggi , Alan Bundy , Gudmund Grov , Alison Pease

We establish THumB, a rubric-based human evaluation protocol for image captioning models. Our scoring rubrics and their definitions are carefully developed based on machine- and human-generated captions on the MSCOCO dataset. Each caption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Jungo Kasai , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Lavinia Dunagan , Jacob Morrison , Ronan Le Bras , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) assume that training examples (e.g., x-ray images) are annotated with high-level concepts (e.g., types of abnormalities), and perform classification by first predicting the concepts, followed by predicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Danis Alukaev , Semen Kiselev , Ilya Pershin , Bulat Ibragimov , Vladimir Ivanov , Alexey Kornaev , Ivan Titov

Smart premise selection is essential when using automated reasoning as a tool for large-theory formal proof development. A good method for premise selection in complex mathematical libraries is the application of machine learning to large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Jesse Alama , Tom Heskes , Daniel Kühlwein , Evgeni Tsivtsivadze , Josef Urban

Estimating treatment effects (TE) from observational data is a critical yet complex task in many fields, from healthcare and economics to public policy. While recent advances in machine learning and causal inference have produced powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jeroen Berrevoets , Julianna Piskorz , Robert Davis , Harry Amad , Jim Weatherall , Mihaela van der Schaar

On the one hand, ordered completion is a fundamental technique in equational theorem proving that is employed by automated tools. On the other hand, their complexity makes such tools inherently error prone. As a remedy to this situation we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Christian Sternagel , Sarah Winkler

Consensus protocols are crucial for a blockchain system as they are what allow agreement between the system's nodes in a potentially adversarial environment. For this reason, it is paramount to ensure their correct design and implementation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Elliot Jones , William Knottenbelt

Prompt engineering is a challenging and important task due to the high sensitivity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to the given prompt and the inherent ambiguity of a textual task instruction. Automatic prompt engineering is essential to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Elad Levi , Eli Brosh , Matan Friedmann

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in a wide-range of language tasks without requiring task-specific fine-tuning. However, they remain prone to hallucinations and inconsistencies, and often struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Matt Pauk , Maria Leonor Pacheco

In this paper, we provide the first practical algorithms with provable guarantees for the problem of inferring the topics assigned to each document in an LDA topic model. This is the primary inference problem for many applications of topic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Adam Breuer

Isabelle is a generic theorem prover, designed for interactive reasoning in a variety of formal theories. At present it provides useful proof procedures for Constructive Type Theory, various first-order logics, Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Lawrence C. Paulson

Computer Algebra Systems (e.g. Maple) are used in research, education, and industrial settings. One of their key functionalities is symbolic integration, where there are many sub-algorithms to choose from that can affect the form of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Rashid Barket , Matthew England , Jürgen Gerhard

We propose a neural network-based approach to automatically learn and classify natural language questions into its corresponding template using recursive neural networks. An obvious advantage of using neural networks is the elimination of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Ram G Athreya , Srividya Bansal , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo , Ricardo Usbeck

Task vectors offer a compelling mechanism for accelerating inference in in-context learning (ICL) by distilling task-specific information into a single, reusable representation. Despite their empirical success, the underlying principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yuxin Dong , Jiachen Jiang , Zhihui Zhu , Xia Ning