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When 5G began its commercialisation journey around 2020, the discussion on the vision of 6G also surfaced. Researchers expect 6G to have higher bandwidth, coverage, reliability, energy efficiency, lower latency, and an integrated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Shen Wang , M. Atif Qureshi , Luis Miralles-Pechuán , Thien Huynh-The , Thippa Reddy Gadekallu , Madhusanka Liyanage

Research into the explanation of machine learning models, i.e., explainable AI (XAI), has seen a commensurate exponential growth alongside deep artificial neural networks throughout the past decade. For historical reasons, explanation and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Brittany Davis , Maria Glenski , William Sealy , Dustin Arendt

While artificial intelligence (AI) has made many successful applications in various domains, its adoption in healthcare lags a little bit behind other high-stakes settings. Several factors contribute to this slower uptake, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Soheyla Amirian , Luke A. Carlson , Matthew F. Gong , Ines Lohse , Kurt R. Weiss , Johannes F. Plate , Ahmad P. Tafti

The increasing demand for transparent and reliable models, particularly in high-stakes decision-making areas such as medical image analysis, has led to the emergence of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Post-hoc XAI techniques,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Junlin Hou , Sicen Liu , Yequan Bie , Hongmei Wang , Andong Tan , Luyang Luo , Hao Chen

We often use "explainable" Artificial Intelligence (XAI)" and "interpretable AI (IAI)" interchangeably when we apply various XAI tools for a given dataset to explain the reasons that underpin machine learning (ML) outputs. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Caesar Wu , Rajkumar Buyya , Yuan Fang Li , Pascal Bouvry

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) plays a crucial role in enabling human understanding and trust in deep learning systems. As models get larger, more ubiquitous, and pervasive in aspects of daily life, explainability is necessary to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Vinitra Swamy , Jibril Frej , Tanja Käser

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a pillar of Trustworthy AI and aims to bring transparency in complex models that are opaque by nature. Despite the benefits of incorporating explanations in models, an urgent need is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sonal Allana , Mohan Kankanhalli , Rozita Dara

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in the field of explainable AI (XAI), with a plethora of algorithms proposed in the literature. However, a lack of consensus on how to evaluate XAI hinders the advancement of the field. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Q. Vera Liao , Yunfeng Zhang , Ronny Luss , Finale Doshi-Velez , Amit Dhurandhar

The lack of explainability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the first obstacles that the industry and regulators must overcome to mitigate the risks associated with the technology. The need for eXplainable AI (XAI) is evident in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Georgios Pavlidis

Explainability is becoming an important requirement for organizations that make use of automated decision-making due to regulatory initiatives and a shift in public awareness. Various and significantly different algorithmic methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Tom Vermeire , Thibault Laugel , Xavier Renard , David Martens , Marcin Detyniecki

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining momentum, and its importance for the future of work in many areas, such as medicine and banking, is continuously rising. However, insights on the effective collaboration of humans and AI are still…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Max Schemmer , Niklas Kühl , Carina Benz , Gerhard Satzger

Many ethical frameworks require artificial intelligence (AI) systems to be explainable. Explainable AI (XAI) models are frequently tested for their adequacy in user studies. Since different people may have different explanatory needs, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Uwe Peters , Mary Carman

EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to help users to grasp the reasoning behind the predictions of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system. Many XAI approaches have emerged in recent years. Consequently, a subfield related to the…

With artificial intelligence (AI) embedded in many everyday software systems, effectively and reliably developing and maintaining AI systems becomes an essential skill for software developers. However, the complexity inherent to AI poses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Thomas Weber

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based decision-making, explanations help increase new technology adoption through enhanced trust and reliability. However, our experimental study challenges the notion that every user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sabid Bin Habib Pias , Alicia Freel , Timothy Trammel , Taslima Akter , Donald Williamson , Apu Kapadia

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied in almost every field. At the same time, the currently dominant deep learning methods are fundamentally black-box systems that lack explanations for their inferences, significantly limiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Martina Mattioli , Eike Petersen , Aasa Feragen , Marcello Pelillo , Siavash A. Bigdeli

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly influencing health and healthcare, but bias and poor performance persists for populations who face widespread structural oppression. Previous work has clearly outlined the need for more…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used in high-stakes domains of our life, increasing the need to explain these decisions and to make sure that they are aligned with how we want the decision to be made. The field of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Sofie Goethals , David Martens , Theodoros Evgeniou

This study explores the integration of contextual explanations into AI-powered loan decision systems to enhance trust and usability. While traditional AI systems rely heavily on algorithmic transparency and technical accuracy, they often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Allen Daniel Sunny

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning and deep learning models, has significantly impacted bioinformatics research by offering powerful tools for analyzing complex biological data. However, the lack of interpretability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Zhongliang Zhou , Mengxuan Hu , Mariah Salcedo , Nathan Gravel , Wayland Yeung , Aarya Venkat , Dongliang Guo , Jielu Zhang , Natarajan Kannan , Sheng Li