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We introduce an adaptable and modular hybrid architecture designed for fault-tolerant quantum computing. It combines quantum emitters and linear-optical entangling gates to leverage the strength of both matter-based and photonic-based…

Classical shadows are a powerful method for learning many properties of quantum states in a sample-efficient manner, by making use of randomized measurements. Here we study the sample complexity of learning the expectation value of Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Matteo Ippoliti , Yaodong Li , Tibor Rakovszky , Vedika Khemani

Knowing a quantum system's environment is critical for its practical use as a quantum device. Qubit sensors can reconstruct the noise spectral density of a classical bath, provided long enough coherence time. Here we present a protocol that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-20 Santiago Hernández-Gómez , Francesco Poggiali , Paola Cappellaro , Nicole Fabbri

Efficiently learning expectation values of unknown quantum states via classical shadows has become an important primitive in both theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum computation. Typically, classical shadow protocols involve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Rebecca Chang , Maureen Krumtünger , Martin Larocca , Maxwell West

Accurately estimating expectation values of quantum observables with as few measurements as possible is crucial to many quantum computing applications. We introduce a framework that covers many of existing measurement strategies and…

We demonstrate high-efficiency, shot-noise-limited differential photodetection with real-time signal conditioning, suitable for feedback-based quantum control of atomic systems. The detector system has quantum efficiency of 0.92, is…

Optics · Physics 2016-08-31 F. Martin Ciurana , G. Colangelo , Robert J. Sewell , M. W. Mitchell

The dynamics of quantum systems are unavoidably influenced by their environment and in turn observing a quantum system (probe) can allow one to measure its environment: Measurements and controlled manipulation of the probe such as dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-16 Matthias M. Müller , Stefano Gherardini , Filippo Caruso

We propose a resource-efficient shadow-tomography scheme using equatorial-stabilizer measurements generated from subsets of Clifford unitaries. For $n$-qubit systems, equatorial-stabilizer-based shadow-tomography schemes can estimate $M$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Guedong Park , Yong Siah Teo , Hyunseok Jeong

There has been tremendous progress in the physical realization of quantum computing hardware in recent times, bringing us closer than ever before to realizing the promise of quantum computing. However, noise continues to pose a crucial…

Predicting properties of large-scale quantum systems is crucial for the development of quantum science and technology. Shadow estimation is an efficient method for this task based on randomized measurements, where many-qubit random Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-24 Qingyue Zhang , Qing Liu , You Zhou

"Classical shadows" are estimators of an unknown quantum state, constructed from suitably distributed random measurements on copies of that state [Nature Physics 16, 1050-1057]. Here, we analyze classical shadows obtained using random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Kianna Wan , William J. Huggins , Joonho Lee , Ryan Babbush

Adaptive data collection and analysis, where data are being fed back to update the measurement settings, can greatly increase speed, precision, and reliability of the characterization of quantum systems. However, decoherence tends to make…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-03 Markku P. V. Stenberg , Oliver Köhn , Frank K. Wilhelm

This note discusses a method for computing the energy spectra of quantum field theory utilizing digital quantum simulation. A quantum algorithm, called coherent imaging spectroscopy, quenches the vacuum with a time-oscillating perturbation…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-04-24 Dongwook Ghim , Masazumi Honda

Spin noise (SN) spectroscopy measurements on delicate semiconductor spin systems, like single InGaAs quantum dots, are currently not limited by optical shot noise but rather by the electronic noise of the detection system. Here, we report a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Pavel Sterin , Julia Wiegand , Jens Hübner , Michael Oestreich

Spin noise spectroscopy is a promising technique for revealing the microscopic nature of spin dephasing processes in quantum dots. We compare the spin-noise in an ensemble of singly charged quantum dots calculated by two complementary…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Johannes Hackmann , Dmitry S. Smirnov , Mikhail M. Glazov , Frithjof B. Anders

Extracting information from quantum systems is crucial in quantum physics and information processing. Methods based on randomized measurements, like shadow estimation, show advantages in effectively achieving such tasks. However, randomized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Zhou You , Qing Liu , You Zhou

Classical simulations of noisy quantum circuits are instrumental to our understanding of the behavior of real-world quantum systems and the identification of regimes where one expects quantum advantage. In this work, we present a highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Simon Cichy , Paul K. Faehrmann , Lennart Bittel , Jens Eisert , Hakop Pashayan

Quantum mechanics promises computational powers beyond the reach of classical computers. Current technology is on the brink of an experimental demonstration of the superior power of quantum computation compared to classical devices. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Jelmer Renema , Valery Shchesnovich , Raul Garcia-Patron

Large-scale variational quantum algorithms are widely recognized as a potential pathway to achieve practical quantum advantages. However, the presence of quantum noise might suppress and undermine these advantages, which blurs the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Yuguo Shao , Fuchuan Wei , Song Cheng , Zhengwei Liu

Calculating the energy spectrum of a quantum system is an important task, for example to analyse reaction rates in drug discovery and catalysis. There has been significant progress in developing algorithms to calculate the ground state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-12 Suguru Endo , Tyson Jones , Sam McArdle , Xiao Yuan , Simon Benjamin