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Related papers: Algorithmic Shadow Spectroscopy

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Estimating the energy spectra of quantum many-body systems is a fundamental task in quantum physics, with applications ranging from chemistry to condensed matter. Algorithmic shadow spectroscopy is a recent method that leverages randomized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Hugo Pages , Chusei Kiumi , Yuto Morohoshi , Bálint Koczor , Kosuke Mitarai

Measuring global quantum properties-such as the fidelity to complex multipartite states-is both an essential and experimentally challenging task. Classical shadow estimation offers favorable sample complexity, but typically relies on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Qingyue Zhang , Dayue Qin , Zhou You , Feng Xu , Jens Eisert , You Zhou

We combine classical heuristics with partial shadow tomography to enable efficient protocols for extracting information from correlated ab initio electronic systems encoded on quantum devices. By proposing the use of a correlation energy…

Efficiently estimating properties of large and strongly coupled quantum systems is a central focus in many-body physics and quantum information theory. While quantum computers promise speedups for many such tasks, near-term devices are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-28 Senrui Chen , Wenjun Yu , Pei Zeng , Steven T. Flammia

Randomized measurements are increasingly appreciated as powerful tools to estimate properties of quantum systems, e.g., in the characterization of hybrid classical-quantum computation. On many platforms they constitute natively accessible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 E. Onorati , J. Kitzinger , J. Helsen , M. Ioannou , A. H. Werner , I. Roth , J. Eisert

Extracting information efficiently from quantum systems is a major component of quantum information processing tasks. Randomized measurements, or classical shadows, enable predicting many properties of arbitrary quantum states using few…

Predicting properties of complex, large-scale quantum systems is essential for developing quantum technologies. We present an efficient method for constructing an approximate classical description of a quantum state using very few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Hsin-Yuan Huang , Richard Kueng , John Preskill

Randomised measurements can efficiently characterise many-body quantum states by learning the expectation values of observables with low Pauli weights. In this paper, we generalise the theoretical tools of classical shadow tomography to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Gregory A. L. White , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg , Charles D. Hill , Kavan Modi

We introduce the task of shadow process simulation, where the goal is to simulate the estimation of the expectation values of arbitrary quantum observables at the output of a target physical process. When the sender and receiver share…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Xuanqiang Zhao , Xin Wang , Giulio Chiribella

Learning quantum state properties is both a fundamental and practical problem in quantum information theory. Classical shadows have emerged as an efficient method for estimating properties of unknown quantum states, with rigorous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Hugo Thomas , Ulysse Chabaud , Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau

Classical shadows provide a versatile framework for estimating many properties of quantum states from repeated, randomly chosen measurements without requiring full quantum state tomography. When prior information is available, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Jacob Bringewatt , Henry Froland , Andreas Elben , Niklas Mueller

Nonlinear spectroscopy is a cornerstone of quantum science, providing unique access to multi-point correlations, quantum coherence, and couplings that are invisible to linear methods. However, classical simulation of these phenomena is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Long Xiong , Xiaoyang Wang , Xiaoxia Cai , Xiao Yuan

Interfacing quantum and classical processors is an important subroutine in full-stack quantum algorithms. The so-called "classical shadow" method efficiently extracts essential classical information from quantum states, enabling the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Shuowei Ma , Junyu Liu

Spectroscopy underpins modern scientific discovery across diverse disciplines. While experimental spectroscopy probes material properties through scattering or radiation measurements, computational spectroscopy combines theoretical models…

We present a hybrid quantum algorithm for estimating gaps in many-body energy spectra, supported by an analytic proof of its inherent resilience to state preparation and measurement errors, as well as mid-circuit multi-qubit depolarizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-14 Woo-Ram Lee , Nathan M. Myers , V. W. Scarola

A crucial subroutine for various quantum computing and communication algorithms is to efficiently extract different classical properties of quantum states. In a notable recent theoretical work by Huang, Kueng, and Preskill [Nat. Phys. 16,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 Ting Zhang , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao-Xu Fang , Xiao-Ming Zhang , Xiao Yuan , He Lu

Shadow estimation is a method for deducing numerous properties of an unknown quantum state through a limited set of measurements, which suffers from noises in quantum devices. In this paper, we introduce an error-mitigated shadow estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Ruyu Yang , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou

We present a robust shadow estimation protocol for wide classes of low-depth measurement circuits that mitigates noise as long as the effective measurement map including noise is locally unitarily invariant. This is in practice an excellent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Renato M. S. Farias , Raghavendra D. Peddinti , Ingo Roth , Leandro Aolita

We describe a new shadow tomography algorithm that uses $n=\Theta(\sqrt{m}\log m/\epsilon^2)$ samples, for $m$ measurements and additive error $\epsilon$, which is independent of the dimension of the quantum state being learned. This stands…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Pulkit Sinha

Classical shadow tomography is a sample-efficient technique for characterizing quantum systems and predicting many of their properties. Circuit cutting is a technique for dividing large quantum circuits into smaller fragments that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Daniel T. Chen , Zain H. Saleem , Michael A. Perlin
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