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Zero-shot Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a prominent vision-language task that examines both the visual and textual understanding capability of systems in the absence of training data. Recently, by converting the images into captions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yunshi Lan , Xiang Li , Xin Liu , Yang Li , Wei Qin , Weining Qian

Visual question answering (VQA) is a hallmark of vision and language reasoning and a challenging task under the zero-shot setting. We propose Plug-and-Play VQA (PNP-VQA), a modular framework for zero-shot VQA. In contrast to most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Anthony Meng Huat Tiong , Junnan Li , Boyang Li , Silvio Savarese , Steven C. H. Hoi

Visual question answering (VQA) is known as an AI-complete task as it requires understanding, reasoning, and inferring about the vision and the language content. Over the past few years, numerous neural architectures have been suggested for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Övgü Özdemir , Erdem Akagündüz

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. They have also demonstrated ability to adapt well to different tasks through zero-shot or few-shot settings. With the capability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Alvin De Jun Tan , Bingquan Shen

Video Question Answering (VideoQA) has been significantly advanced from the scaling of recent Large Language Models (LLMs). The key idea is to convert the visual information into the language feature space so that the capacity of LLMs can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Junting Pan , Ziyi Lin , Yuying Ge , Xiatian Zhu , Renrui Zhang , Yi Wang , Yu Qiao , Hongsheng Li

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve human-level performance in various tasks, they continue to face challenges when it comes to effectively tackling multi-step physics reasoning tasks. To identify the shortcomings of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Avinash Anand , Janak Kapuriya , Apoorv Singh , Jay Saraf , Naman Lal , Astha Verma , Rushali Gupta , Rajiv Shah

In this paper, we explore effective prompting techniques to enhance zero- and few-shot Visual Question Answering (VQA) performance in contemporary Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Central to our investigation is the role of question templates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Rabiul Awal , Le Zhang , Aishwarya Agrawal

Wav2Prompt is proposed which allows straightforward integration between spoken input and a text-based large language model (LLM). Wav2Prompt uses a simple training process with only the same data used to train an automatic speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Keqi Deng , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

Two approaches have emerged to input images into large language models (LLMs). The first is to caption images into natural language. The second is to map image feature embeddings into the domain of the LLM and pass the mapped embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Igor Sterner , Weizhe Lin , Jinghong Chen , Bill Byrne

Open-Domain Question Answering (ODQA) aims to answer questions without explicitly providing specific background documents. This task becomes notably challenging in a zero-shot setting where no data is available to train tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Junlong Li , Jinyuan Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have opened the door to in-depth investigation of their potential in tabular data modeling. However, effectively utilizing advanced LLMs in few-shot and even zero-shot scenarios is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Peng Wang , Dongsheng Wang , He Zhao , Hangting Ye , Dandan Guo , Yi Chang

This paper presents null-shot prompting. Null-shot prompting exploits hallucination in large language models (LLMs) by instructing LLMs to utilize information from the "Examples" section that never exists within the provided context to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Pittawat Taveekitworachai , Febri Abdullah , Ruck Thawonmas

Low-shot image classification, where training images are limited or inaccessible, has benefited from recent progress on pre-trained vision-language (VL) models with strong generalizability, e.g. CLIP. Prompt learning methods built with VL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhaoheng Zheng , Jingmin Wei , Xuefeng Hu , Haidong Zhu , Ram Nevatia

The remarkable advancements in large language models (LLMs) have brought about significant improvements in Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of in-context learning techniques, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yinheng Li

We introduce a large language model (LLM) based approach to answer complex questions requiring multi-hop numerical reasoning over financial reports. While LLMs have exhibited remarkable performance on various natural language and reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Karmvir Singh Phogat , Chetan Harsha , Sridhar Dasaratha , Shashishekar Ramakrishna , Sai Akhil Puranam

Large language models (LLMs) enable system builders today to create competent NLP systems through prompting, where they only need to describe the task in natural language and provide a few examples. However, in other ways, LLMs are a step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Vijay Viswanathan , Chenyang Zhao , Amanda Bertsch , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive language understanding and the capacity to generate responses that follow specific prompts. However, due to the computational demands associated with training these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yida Mu , Ben P. Wu , William Thorne , Ambrose Robinson , Nikolaos Aletras , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are widely used in many sub-fields of natural language processing (NLP) and generally known as excellent few-shot learners with task-specific exemplars. Notably, chain of thought (CoT) prompting, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Takeshi Kojima , Shixiang Shane Gu , Machel Reid , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Recently, advanced large language models (LLMs) have emerged at an increasingly rapid pace. However, when faced with complex problems, most users are often unable to provide accurate and effective prompts to interact with LLMs, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenjin Liu , Haoran Luo , Xueyuan Lin , Haoming Liu , Tiesunlong Shen , Jiapu Wang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

Text-to-image models are powerful for producing high-quality images based on given text prompts, but crafting these prompts often requires specialized vocabulary. To address this, existing methods train rewriting models with supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hongji Yang , Yucheng Zhou , Wencheng Han , Jianbing Shen
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