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Image captioning, a.k.a. "image-to-text," which generates descriptive text from given images, has been rapidly developing throughout the era of deep learning. To what extent is the information in the original image preserved in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Honori Udo , Takafumi Koshinaka

Autoregressive (AR) models, long dominant in language generation, are increasingly applied to image synthesis but are often considered less competitive than Diffusion-based models. A primary limitation is the substantial number of image…

Transformer models trained on massive text corpora have become the de facto models for a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, learning effective word representations for function words remains challenging. Multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shashank Sonkar , Naiming Liu , Richard G. Baraniuk

Multimodal text-to-image generation remains constrained by the difficulty of maintaining semantic alignment and professional-level detail across diverse visual domains. We propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jiabao Shi , Minfeng Qi , Lefeng Zhang , Di Wang , Yingjie Zhao , Ziying Li , Yalong Xing , Ningran Li

Visually grounded speech models learn from images paired with spoken captions. By tagging images with soft text labels using a trained visual classifier with a fixed vocabulary, previous work has shown that it is possible to train a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Kayode Olaleye , Herman Kamper

We develop an approach for text-to-image generation that embraces additional retrieval images, driven by a combination of implicit visual guidance loss and generative objectives. Unlike most existing text-to-image generation methods which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Xin Yuan , Zhe Lin , Jason Kuen , Jianming Zhang , John Collomosse

Describing images with text is a fundamental problem in vision-language research. Current studies in this domain mostly focus on single image captioning. However, in various real applications (e.g., image editing, difference interpretation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Hao Tan , Franck Dernoncourt , Zhe Lin , Trung Bui , Mohit Bansal

Learning word representations has recently seen much success in computational linguistics. However, assuming sequences of word tokens as input to linguistic analysis is often unjustified. For many languages word segmentation is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-09-19 Grzegorz Chrupała

Text-to-image (T2I) models have advanced considerably in generating high-quality images from textual descriptions. However, their ability to associate colors with concepts remains largely constrained to explicit color names or codes, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chenxi Ruan , Yihan Hou , Yu Xiao , Guosheng Hu , Wei Zeng

In this work, we study the problem of word-level confidence calibration for scene-text recognition (STR). Although the topic of confidence calibration has been an active research area for the last several decades, the case of structured and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Ron Slossberg , Oron Anschel , Amir Markovitz , Ron Litman , Aviad Aberdam , Shahar Tsiper , Shai Mazor , Jon Wu , R. Manmatha

As a challenging task, text-to-image generation aims to generate photo-realistic and semantically consistent images according to the given text descriptions. Existing methods mainly extract the text information from only one sentence to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Xintian Wu , Hanbin Zhao , Liangli Zheng , Shouhong Ding , Xi Li

Existing text recognition methods usually need large-scale training data. Most of them rely on synthetic training data due to the lack of annotated real images. However, there is a domain gap between the synthetic data and real data, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Mingkun Yang , Minghui Liao , Pu Lu , Jing Wang , Shenggao Zhu , Hualin Luo , Qi Tian , Xiang Bai

Recent advances in large pre-trained language models have demonstrated strong results in generating natural languages and significantly improved performances for many natural language generation (NLG) applications such as machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Nanyun Peng

We investigate how the ability to recognize textual content within images emerges during the training of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Our analysis reveals a critical phenomenon: the ability to read textual information in a given image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jaeyoo Park , Sanghyuk Chun , Wonjae Kim , Sangdoo Yun , Bohyung Han

Scene text recognition (STR) has been extensively studied in last few years. Many recently-proposed methods are specially designed to accommodate the arbitrary shape, layout and orientation of scene texts, but ignoring that various font (or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Yizhi Wang , Zhouhui Lian

Convolutional networks trained on large supervised dataset produce visual features which form the basis for the state-of-the-art in many computer-vision problems. Further improvements of these visual features will likely require even larger…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-10 Armand Joulin , Laurens van der Maaten , Allan Jabri , Nicolas Vasilache

Recent advances in text-to-image generation have improved the quality of synthesized images, but evaluations mainly focus on aesthetics or alignment with text prompts. Thus, it remains unclear whether these models can accurately represent a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hsin-Ping Huang , Xinyi Wang , Yonatan Bitton , Hagai Taitelbaum , Gaurav Singh Tomar , Ming-Wei Chang , Xuhui Jia , Kelvin C. K. Chan , Hexiang Hu , Yu-Chuan Su , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Textual image generation spans diverse fields like advertising, education, product packaging, social media, information visualization, and branding. Despite recent strides in language-guided image synthesis using diffusion models, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Shubham Paliwal , Arushi Jain , Monika Sharma , Vikram Jamwal , Lovekesh Vig

While diffusion models have significantly advanced the quality of image generation their capability to accurately and coherently render text within these images remains a substantial challenge. Conventional diffusion-based methods for scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Qilong Zhangli , Jindong Jiang , Di Liu , Licheng Yu , Xiaoliang Dai , Ankit Ramchandani , Guan Pang , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Praveen Krishnan

Humans learn language by interaction with their environment and listening to other humans. It should also be possible for computational models to learn language directly from speech but so far most approaches require text. We improve on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Danny Merkx , Stefan L. Frank , Mirjam Ernestus