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Annotation is the labeling of data by human effort. Annotation is critical to modern machine learning, and Bloomberg has developed years of experience of annotation at scale. This report captures a wealth of wisdom for applied annotation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Tina Tseng , Amanda Stent , Domenic Maida

For the advancements of time series classification, scrutinizing previous studies, most existing methods adopt a common learning-to-classify paradigm - a time series classifier model tries to learn the relation between sequence inputs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Mingyue Cheng , Yiheng Chen , Qi Liu , Zhiding Liu , Yucong Luo

Annotated images are required for both supervised model training and evaluation in image classification. Manually annotating images is arduous and expensive, especially for multi-labeled images. A recent trend for conducting such laboursome…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Jianzhe Lin , Tianze Yu , Z. Jane Wang

A powerful data transformation method named guided projections is proposed creating new possibilities to reveal the group structure of high-dimensional data in the presence of noise variables. Utilising projections onto a space spanned by a…

Unsupervised text embedding methods, such as Skip-gram and Paragraph Vector, have been attracting increasing attention due to their simplicity, scalability, and effectiveness. However, comparing to sophisticated deep learning architectures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Qiaozhu Mei

It is well known that semantic segmentation can be used as an effective intermediate representation for learning driving policies. However, the task of street scene semantic segmentation requires expensive annotations. Furthermore,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Aseem Behl , Kashyap Chitta , Aditya Prakash , Eshed Ohn-Bar , Andreas Geiger

Assigning labels to instances is crucial for supervised machine learning. In this paper, we proposed a novel annotation method called Q&A labeling, which involves a question generator that asks questions about the labels of the instances to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kota Kawamoto , Masato Uchida

In this paper, we investigate self-supervised pre-training methods for document text recognition. Nowadays, large unlabeled datasets can be collected for many research tasks, including text recognition, but it is costly to annotate them.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Martin Kišš , Michal Hradiš

This paper explores using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to automate the data annotation process with automatic prompting techniques. The main aim of this paper is to reuse human annotation guidelines along with some annotated data to design automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Sachin Yadav , Tejaswi Choppa , Dominik Schlechtweg

The goal of eXtreme Multi-label Learning (XML) is to automatically annotate a given data point with the most relevant subset of labels from an extremely large vocabulary of labels (e.g., a million labels). Lately, many attempts have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Yashaswi Verma

We propose a framework to continuously learn object-centric representations for visual learning and understanding. Existing object-centric representations either rely on supervisions that individualize objects in the scene, or perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Chuanyu Pan , Yanchao Yang , Kaichun Mo , Yueqi Duan , Leonidas Guibas

While deeper and wider neural networks are actively pushing the performance limits of various computer vision and machine learning tasks, they often require large sets of labeled data for effective training and suffer from extremely high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Zhi Zhang , Guanghan Ning , Zhihai He

The pseudo-projector is a lightweight modification that can be integrated into existing language models and other neural networks without altering their core architecture. It can be viewed as a hidden-representation corrector that reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Vitaly Bulgakov

Sequence labeling models often benefit from incorporating external knowledge. However, this practice introduces data heterogeneity and complicates the model with additional modules, leading to increased expenses for training a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xuemei Tang , Jun Wang , Qi Su , Chu-ren Huang , Jinghang Gu

Real-world text classification tasks often require many labeled training examples that are expensive to obtain. Recent advancements in machine teaching, specifically the data programming paradigm, facilitate the creation of training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Neil Mallinar , Abhishek Shah , Tin Kam Ho , Rajendra Ugrani , Ayush Gupta

Traditionally, data selection has been studied in settings where all samples from prospective sources are fully revealed to a machine learning developer. However, in practical data exchange scenarios, data providers often reveal only a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Feiyang Kang , Hoang Anh Just , Anit Kumar Sahu , Ruoxi Jia

Most existing approaches for zero pronoun resolution are heavily relying on annotated data, which is often released by shared task organizers. Therefore, the lack of annotated data becomes a major obstacle in the progress of zero pronoun…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Ting Liu , Yiming Cui , Qingyu Yin , Weinan Zhang , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

Computational social science (CSS) practitioners often rely on human-labeled data to fine-tune supervised text classifiers. We assess the potential for researchers to augment or replace human-generated training data with surrogate training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken

Document categorization, which aims to assign a topic label to each document, plays a fundamental role in a wide variety of applications. Despite the success of existing studies in conventional supervised document classification, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yu Zhang , Yu Meng , Jiaxin Huang , Frank F. Xu , Xuan Wang , Jiawei Han

We present a method for selecting valuable projections in computed tomography (CT) scans to enhance image reconstruction and diagnosis. The approach integrates two important factors, projection-based detectability and data completeness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Linda-Sophie Schneider , Mareike Thies , Christopher Syben , Richard Schielein , Mathias Unberath , Andreas Maier