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The increasing volume of video content in educational, professional, and social domains necessitates effective summarization techniques that go beyond traditional unimodal approaches. This paper proposes a behaviour-aware multimodal video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Md Moinul Islam , Sofoklis Kakouros , Janne Heikkilä , Mourad Oussalah

Evaluating the quality of generated text automatically remains a significant challenge. Conventional reference-based metrics have been shown to exhibit relatively weak correlation with human evaluations. Recent research advocates the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiao Wang , Daniil Larionov , Siwei Wu , Yiqi Liu , Steffen Eger , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Chenghua Lin

This paper describes the DSBA submissions to the Prompting Large Language Models as Explainable Metrics shared task, where systems were submitted to two tracks: small and large summarization tracks. With advanced Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Joonghoon Kim , Saeran Park , Kiyoon Jeong , Sangmin Lee , Seung Hun Han , Jiyoon Lee , Pilsung Kang

Response diversity has become an important criterion for evaluating the quality of open-domain dialogue generation models. However, current evaluation metrics for response diversity often fail to capture the semantic diversity of generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Seungju Han , Beomsu Kim , Buru Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential for automating the evaluation of natural language generation. Previous frameworks of LLM-as-a-judge fall short in two ways: they either use zero-shot setting without consulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Mingxuan Li , Hanchen Li , Chenhao Tan

Reliable evaluation of large language model (LLM)-generated summaries remains an open challenge, particularly across heterogeneous domains and document lengths. We conduct a comprehensive meta-evaluation of 14 automatic summarization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Huyen Nguyen , Haoxuan Zhang , Yang Zhang , Junhua Ding , Haihua Chen

System models, a critical artifact in software development, provide a formal abstraction of both the structural and behavioral aspects of software systems, which can facilitate the early requirements analysis and architecture design.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Dongming Jin , Zhi Jin , Linyu Li , Zheng Fang , Jia Li , Xiaohong Chen

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into high-stakes domains, there have been several approaches proposed toward generating natural language explanations. These explanations are crucial for enhancing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Krithi Shailya , Shreya Rajpal , Gokul S Krishnan , Balaraman Ravindran

Large Language Models (LLM) are a new class of computation engines, "programmed" via prompt engineering. We are still learning how to best "program" these LLMs to help developers. We start with the intuition that developers tend to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Toufique Ahmed , Kunal Suresh Pai , Premkumar Devanbu , Earl T. Barr

An important problem of the sequence-to-sequence neural models widely used in abstractive summarization is exposure bias. To alleviate this problem, re-ranking systems have been applied in recent years. Despite some performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Jeewoo Sul , Yong Suk Choi

Despite significant research effort in the development of automatic dialogue evaluation metrics, little thought is given to evaluating dialogues other than in English. At the same time, ensuring metrics are invariant to semantically similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-11 John Mendonça , Patrícia Pereira , Helena Moniz , João Paulo Carvalho , Alon Lavie , Isabel Trancoso

Explainable boosting machines (EBMs) are popular "glass-box" models that learn a set of univariate functions using boosting trees. These achieve explainability through visualizations of each feature's effect. However, unlike linear model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-31 Haimo Fang , Kevin Tan , Jonathan Pipping-Gamon , Giles Hooker

With the fast development of Machine Translation (MT) systems, especially the new boost from Neural MT (NMT) models, the MT output quality has reached a new level of accuracy. However, many researchers criticised that the current popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Lifeng Han

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for automatic summarization but the reasons behind their successes are poorly understood. By conducting a human evaluation on ten LLMs across different pretraining methods, prompts, and model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Tianyi Zhang , Faisal Ladhak , Esin Durmus , Percy Liang , Kathleen McKeown , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

Unlike classical lexical overlap metrics such as BLEU, most current evaluation metrics for machine translation (for example, COMET or BERTScore) are based on black-box large language models. They often achieve strong correlations with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Christoph Leiter , Piyawat Lertvittayakumjorn , Marina Fomicheva , Wei Zhao , Yang Gao , Steffen Eger

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently showcased remarkable advancements in their ability to generate fitting responses to natural language instructions. However, many current works rely on manual evaluation to judge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ansar Aynetdinov , Alan Akbik

Abstractive summarization approaches based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) have recently been proposed to overcome classical likelihood maximization. RL enables to consider complex, possibly non-differentiable, metrics that globally assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Thomas Scialom , Sylvain Lamprier , Benjamin Piwowarski , Jacopo Staiano

Automatic evaluation remains an open research question in Natural Language Generation. In the context of Sentence Simplification, this is particularly challenging: the task requires by nature to replace complex words with simpler ones that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Thomas Scialom , Louis Martin , Jacopo Staiano , Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

In existing Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement (AVSE) methods, objectives such as Scale-Invariant Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SI-SNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) are widely used; however, they often correlate poorly with perceptual quality and…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chih-Ning Chen , Jen-Cheng Hou , Hsin-Min Wang , Shao-Yi Chien , Yu Tsao , Fan-Gang Zeng