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Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are increasingly used for tasks where detecting multimodal harmful content is crucial, such as online content moderation. However, real-world harmful content is often camouflaged, relying on nuanced…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Yanhui Li , Qi Zhou , Zhihong Xu , Huizhong Guo , Wenhai Wang , Dongxia Wang

Crawling parallel texts -- texts that are mutual translations -- from the Internet is usually done following a brute-force approach: documents are massively downloaded in an unguided process, and only a fraction of them end up leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Cristian García-Romero , Miquel Esplà-Gomis , Felipe Sánchez-Martínez

The widespread dissemination of hate speech, harassment, harmful and sexual content, and violence across websites and media platforms presents substantial challenges and provokes widespread concern among different sectors of society.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Nouar AlDahoul , Myles Joshua Toledo Tan , Harishwar Reddy Kasireddy , Yasir Zaki

Multilingual large language models achieve impressive cross-lingual performance despite largely monolingual pretraining. While bilingual data in pretraining corpora is widely believed to enable these abilities, details of its contributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jiandong Shao , Raphael Tang , Crystina Zhang , Karin Sevegnani , Pontus Stenetorp , Jianfei Yang , Yao Lu

The abundance of information in digital media, which in today's world is the main source of knowledge about current events for the masses, makes it possible to spread disinformation on a larger scale than ever before. Consequently, there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Jędrzej Kozal , Michał Leś , Paweł Zyblewski , Paweł Ksieniewicz , Michał Woźniak

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in various areas, such as text generation and code synthesis. However, the reliability of performance evaluation has come under scrutiny due to data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yuxing Cheng , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Online discussions, panels, talk page edits, etc., often contain harmful conversational content i.e., hate speech, death threats and offensive language, especially towards certain demographic groups. For example, individuals who identify as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Jamell Dacon , Harry Shomer , Shaylynn Crum-Dacon , Jiliang Tang

Large language models(LLMs) containing tens of billions of parameters (or even more) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various NLP tasks. However, substantial model size poses challenges to training, inference, and deployment so…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yupeng Ji , Yibo Cao , Jiucai Liu

In this paper, we explore the feasibility of leveraging large language models (LLMs) to automate or otherwise assist human raters with identifying harmful content including hate speech, harassment, violent extremism, and election…

In today's digital world, social media plays a significant role in facilitating communication and content sharing. However, the exponential rise in user-generated content has led to challenges in maintaining a respectful online environment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Mohammad Dehghani

Standard evaluations of Large language models (LLMs) focus on task performance, offering limited insight into whether correct behavior reflects appropriate underlying mechanisms and risking confirmation bias. We introduce a simple,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zoë Prins , Samuele Punzo , Frank Wildenburg , Giovanni Cinà , Sandro Pezzelle

Large pre-trained language models are often trained on large volumes of internet data, some of which may contain toxic or abusive language. Consequently, language models encode toxic information, which makes the real-world usage of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Andrew Wang , Mohit Sudhakar , Yangfeng Ji

Over the past decade, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to the extraction of information from textual process descriptions. Despite the remarkable progress witnessed in natural language processing (NLP), information extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Julian Neuberger , Lars Ackermann , Han van der Aa , Stefan Jablonski

Detecting toxic content using language models is important but challenging. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in understanding Chinese, recent studies show that simple character substitutions in toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shujian Yang , Shiyao Cui , Chuanrui Hu , Haicheng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Minlie Huang , Jialiang Lu , Han Qiu

The spread of fake news, polarizing, politically biased, and harmful content on online platforms has been a serious concern. With large language models becoming a promising approach, however, no study has properly benchmarked their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Michele Joshua Maggini , Dhia Merzougui , Rabiraj Bandyopadhyay , Gaël Dias , Fabrice Maurel , Pablo Gamallo

Training data compositions for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly affect their downstream performance. However, a thorough data ablation study exploring large sets of candidate data mixtures is typically prohibitively expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Clara Na , Ian Magnusson , Ananya Harsh Jha , Tom Sherborne , Emma Strubell , Jesse Dodge , Pradeep Dasigi

We present the call for papers for the BabyLM Challenge: Sample-efficient pretraining on a developmentally plausible corpus. This shared task is intended for participants with an interest in small scale language modeling, human language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Alex Warstadt , Leshem Choshen , Aaron Mueller , Adina Williams , Ethan Wilcox , Chengxu Zhuang

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is substantially influenced by the pretraining corpus, which consists of vast quantities of unsupervised data processed by the models. Despite its critical role in model performance, ensuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Ranchi Zhao , Zhen Leng Thai , Yifan Zhang , Shengding Hu , Yunqi Ba , Jie Zhou , Jie Cai , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Recent approaches in literature have exploited the multi-modal information in documents (text, layout, image) to serve specific downstream document tasks. However, they are limited by their - (i) inability to learn cross-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Subhojeet Pramanik , Shashank Mujumdar , Hima Patel

The adoption of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has greatly benefited Natural Language Processing (NLP) during the past decade. However, the demands of long document analysis are quite different from those of shorter texts, while the ever…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Dimitrios Tsirmpas , Ioannis Gkionis , Georgios Th. Papadopoulos , Ioannis Mademlis