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Black box models in machine learning have demonstrated excellent predictive performance in complex problems and high-dimensional settings. However, their lack of transparency and interpretability restrict the applicability of such models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Numair Sani , Jaron Lee , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser

Interpretability of AI models allows for user safety checks to build trust in these models. In particular, decision trees (DTs) provide a global view on the learned model and clearly outlines the role of the features that are critical to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Hector Kohler , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

The interpretability of random forest (RF) models is a research topic of growing interest in the machine learning (ML) community. In the state of the art, RF is considered a powerful learning ensemble given its predictive performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Maissae Haddouchi , Abdelaziz Berrado

State of the art machine learning algorithms are highly optimized to provide the optimal prediction possible, naturally resulting in complex models. While these models often outperform simpler more interpretable models by order of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-24 Yotam Hechtlinger

The field of machine learning has seen tremendous progress in recent years, with deep learning models delivering exceptional performance across a range of tasks. However, these models often come at the cost of interpretability, as they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Shun Liu

New technologies have led to vast troves of large and complex datasets across many scientific domains and industries. People routinely use machine learning techniques to not only process, visualize, and make predictions from this big data,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-04 Genevera I. Allen , Luqin Gan , Lili Zheng

Modern data analytics underpinned by machine learning techniques has become a key enabler to the automation of data-led decision making. As an important branch of state-of-the-art data analytics, business process predictions are also faced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Chun Ouyang , Renuka Sindhgatta , Catarina Moreira

Understanding why machine learning models behave the way they do empowers both system designers and end-users in many ways: in model selection, feature engineering, in order to trust and act upon the predictions, and in more intuitive user…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Sameer Singh , Carlos Guestrin

Interpretable representations are the backbone of many explainers that target black-box predictive systems based on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. They translate the low-level data representation necessary for good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

Supervised machine learning models boast remarkable predictive capabilities. But can you trust your model? Will it work in deployment? What else can it tell you about the world? We want models to be not only good, but interpretable. And yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Zachary C. Lipton

Black box machine learning models are currently being used for high stakes decision-making throughout society, causing problems throughout healthcare, criminal justice, and in other domains. People have hoped that creating methods for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-24 Cynthia Rudin

The trade-off between accuracy and interpretability has long been a challenge in machine learning (ML). This tension is particularly significant for emerging interpretable-by-design methods, which aim to redesign ML algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Geyu Liang , Senne Michielssen , Salar Fattahi

Machine learning models are becoming increasingly popular in different types of settings. This is mainly caused by their ability to achieve a level of predictive performance that is hard to match by human experts in this new era of big…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Luis Torgo , Paulo Azevedo , Ines Areosa

Model interpretability is an increasingly important component of practical machine learning. Some of the most common forms of interpretability systems are example-based, local, and global explanations. One of the main challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Gregory Plumb , Denali Molitor , Ameet Talwalkar

Machine learning (ML) has seen significant growth in both popularity and importance. The high prediction accuracy of ML models is often achieved through complex black-box architectures that are difficult to interpret. This interpretability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-29 David Köhler , David Rügamer , Matthias Schmid

Language models based on the Transformer architecture achieve excellent results in many language-related tasks, such as text classification or sentiment analysis. However, despite the architecture of these models being well-defined, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Miguel López-Otal , Jorge Gracia , Jordi Bernad , Carlos Bobed , Lucía Pitarch-Ballesteros , Emma Anglés-Herrero

Prediction of survival in patients diagnosed with a brain tumour is challenging because of heterogeneous tumour behaviours and responses to treatment. Better estimations of prognosis would support treatment planning and patient support.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Colleen E. Charlton , Michael Tin Chung Poon , Paul M. Brennan , Jacques D. Fleuriot

How can we find interpretable, domain-appropriate models of natural phenomena given some complex, raw data such as images? Can we use such models to derive scientific insight from the data? In this paper, we propose some methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Christopher J. Soelistyo , Alan R. Lowe

Computationally explicit hypotheses of brain function derived from machine learning (ML)-based models have recently revolutionized neuroscience. Despite the unprecedented ability of these artificial neural networks (ANNs) to capture…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-12 Kohitij Kar , Simon Kornblith , Evelina Fedorenko

Understanding the predictions made by deep learning models remains a central challenge, especially in high-stakes applications. A promising approach is to equip models with the ability to answer counterfactual questions -- hypothetical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Inwoo Hwang , Yushu Pan , Elias Bareinboim