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Related papers: Benchmarking Spatial Relationships in Text-to-Imag…

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Existing text-to-image (T2I) evaluation metrics mainly assess whether generated images align with information explicitly stated in the prompt, but often fail to capture factual requirements that are implicit, externally grounded, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Youngsun Lim , Cusuh Ham , Pin-Yu Chen , Deepti Ghadiyaram

The progress in the generation of synthetic images has made it crucial to assess their quality. While several metrics have been proposed to assess the rendering of images, it is crucial for Text-to-Image (T2I) models, which generate images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Paul Grimal , Hervé Le Borgne , Olivier Ferret , Julien Tourille

Generative adversarial networks conditioned on textual image descriptions are capable of generating realistic-looking images. However, current methods still struggle to generate images based on complex image captions from a heterogeneous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Tobias Hinz , Stefan Heinrich , Stefan Wermter

Text-to-image (T2I) models today are capable of producing photorealistic, instruction-following images, yet they still frequently fail on prompts that require implicit world knowledge. Existing evaluation protocols either emphasize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyang Han , Junhao Su , Junjie Hu , Peizhen Yang , Hengyu Shi , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao

Understanding the spatial relations between objects in images is a surprisingly challenging task. A chair may be "behind" a person even if it appears to the left of the person in the image (depending on which way the person is facing). Two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Kaiyu Yang , Olga Russakovsky , Jia Deng

Contemporary Text-to-Image (T2I) models frequently depend on qualitative human evaluations to assess the consistency between synthesized images and the text prompts. There is a demand for quantitative and automatic evaluation tools, given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ziyuan Qin , Dongjie Cheng , Haoyu Wang , Huahui Yi , Yuting Shao , Zhiyuan Fan , Kang Li , Qicheng Lao

This paper introduces the concept of Microscopic Spatial Intelligence (MiSI), the capability to perceive and reason about the spatial relationships of invisible microscopic entities, which is fundamental to scientific discovery. To assess…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zongzhao Li , Xiangzhe Kong , Jiahui Su , Zongyang Ma , Mingze Li , Songyou Li , Yuelin Zhang , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Deli Zhao , Wenbing Huang

A commonly used evaluation metric for text-to-image synthesis is the Inception score (IS) \cite{inceptionscore}, which has been shown to be a quality metric that correlates well with human judgment. However, IS does not reveal properties of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 William Lund Sommer , Alexandros Iosifidis

Most of the recent generative image super-resolution (SR) methods rely on adapting large text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models pretrained on web-scale text-image data. While effective, this paradigm starts from a generic T2I generator,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Rongyuan Wu , Lingchen Sun , Zhengqiang Zhang , Xiangtao Kong , Jixin Zhao , Shihao Wang , Lei Zhang

Text-to-image generation (T2I) refers to the text-guided generation of high-quality images. In the past few years, T2I has attracted widespread attention and numerous works have emerged. In this survey, we comprehensively review 141 works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Pengfei Yang , Ngai-Man Cheung , Xinda Ma

Generating images from textual descriptions has recently attracted a lot of interest. While current models can generate photo-realistic images of individual objects such as birds and human faces, synthesising images with multiple objects is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Stanislav Frolov , Shailza Jolly , Jörn Hees , Andreas Dengel

Despite progress in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), their capacity for visual reasoning is often limited by the binding problem: the failure to reliably associate perceptual features with their correct visual referents. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Amirmohammad Izadi , Mohammad Ali Banayeeanzade , Fatemeh Askari , Ali Rahimiakbar , Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi , Hosein Hasani , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Spatial intelligence is essential for multimodal large language models, yet current benchmarks largely assess it only from an understanding perspective. We ask whether modern generative or unified multimodal models also possess generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Muzhi Zhu , Shunyao Jiang , Huanyi Zheng , Zekai Luo , Hao Zhong , Anzhou Li , Kaijun Wang , Jintao Rong , Yang Liu , Hao Chen , Tao Lin , Chunhua Shen

Text-to-image (T2I) models are increasingly employed by users worldwide. However, prior research has pointed to the high sensitivity of T2I towards particular input languages - when faced with languages other than English (i.e., different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Carolin Holtermann , Florian Schneider , Anne Lauscher

A layout to image (L2I) generation model aims to generate a complicated image containing multiple objects (things) against natural background (stuff), conditioned on a given layout. Built upon the recent advances in generative adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Sen He , Wentong Liao , Michael Ying Yang , Yongxin Yang , Yi-Zhe Song , Bodo Rosenhahn , Tao Xiang

Vision--language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal benchmarks but remain brittle on spatial reasoning tasks that require aligning abstract overhead representations with egocentric views. We introduce m2sv, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yosub Shin , Michael Buriek , Igor Molybog

Compositionality is a critical capability in Text-to-Image (T2I) models, as it reflects their ability to understand and combine multiple concepts from text descriptions. Existing evaluations of compositional capability rely heavily on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xindi Wu , Dingli Yu , Yangsibo Huang , Olga Russakovsky , Sanjeev Arora

Visual Spatial Reasoning (VSR) is a core human cognitive ability and a critical requirement for advancing embodied intelligence and autonomous systems. Despite recent progress in Vision-Language Models (VLMs), achieving human-level VSR…

Scene understanding and reasoning has been a fundamental problem in 3D computer vision, requiring models to identify objects, their properties, and spatial or comparative relationships among the objects. Existing approaches enable this by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vivek Madhavaram , Vartika Sengar , Arkadipta De , Charu Sharma

Owe to the powerful generative priors, the pre-trained text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have become increasingly popular in solving the real-world image super-resolution problem. However, as a consequence of the heavy quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Rongyuan Wu , Tao Yang , Lingchen Sun , Zhengqiang Zhang , Shuai Li , Lei Zhang