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Eye-tracking datasets are often shared in the format used by their creators for their original analyses, usually resulting in the exclusion of data considered irrelevant to the primary purpose. In order to increase re-usability of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Deborah N. Jakobi , Daniel G. Krakowczyk , Lena A. Jäger

Teachers' visual attention and its distribution across the students in classrooms can constitute important implications for student engagement, achievement, and professional teacher training. Despite that, inferring the information about…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Efe Bozkir , Christian Kosel , Tina Seidel , Enkelejda Kasneci

Transcripts displayed on dictation interfaces can be hard to read due to recognition errors and disfluencies. LLM-based text auto-correction could help, but changing the text during production could lead to distraction and unintended…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhaohui Liang , Yonglin Chen , Naser Al Madi , Can Liu

Image captioning has been recently gaining a lot of attention thanks to the impressive achievements shown by deep captioning architectures, which combine Convolutional Neural Networks to extract image representations, and Recurrent Neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Giuseppe Serra , Rita Cucchiara

Human attention provides valuable yet underexploited signals for code LLM training, offering a perspective beyond purely machine-driven attention. Despite the complexity and cost of collecting eye-tracking data, there has also been limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yifan Zhang , Chen Huang , Zachary Karas , Dung Thuy Nguyen , Kevin Leach , Yu Huang

Human sketch has already proved its worth in various visual understanding tasks (e.g., retrieval, segmentation, image-captioning, etc). In this paper, we reveal a new trait of sketches - that they are also salient. This is intuitive as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Ayan Kumar Bhunia , Subhadeep Koley , Amandeep Kumar , Aneeshan Sain , Pinaki Nath Chowdhury , Tao Xiang , Yi-Zhe Song

Photo collections and its applications today attempt to reflect user interactions in various forms. Moreover, photo collections aim to capture the users' intention with minimum effort through applications capturing user intentions. Human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-13 Jinsoo Choi , Tae-Hyun Oh , In So Kweon

Continuous assessment of task difficulty and mental workload is essential in improving the usability and accessibility of interactive systems. Eye tracking data has often been investigated to achieve this ability, with reports on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Youngjun Cho

Conversational human-likeness plays a central role in human-AI interaction, yet it has remained difficult to define, measure, and optimize. As a result, improvements in human-like behavior are largely driven by scale or broad supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Masum Hasan , Junjie Zhao , Ehsan Hoque

Deep saliency prediction algorithms complement the object recognition features, they typically rely on additional information, such as scene context, semantic relationships, gaze direction, and object dissimilarity. However, none of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Bahar Aydemir , Ludo Hoffstetter , Tong Zhang , Mathieu Salzmann , Sabine Süsstrunk

Learning analytics researchers often analyze qualitative student data such as coded annotations or interview transcripts to understand learning processes. With the rise of generative AI, fully automated and human-AI workflows have emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Elham Tajik , Conrad Borchers , Bahar Shahrokhian , Sebastian Simon , Ali Keramati , Sonika Pal , Sreecharan Sankaranarayanan

Saliency methods are used extensively to highlight the importance of input features in model predictions. These methods are mostly used in vision and language tasks, and their applications to time series data is relatively unexplored. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Aya Abdelsalam Ismail , Mohamed Gunady , Héctor Corrada Bravo , Soheil Feizi

We introduce \textsc{PoliteRewrite} -- a dataset for polite language rewrite which is a novel sentence rewrite task. Compared with previous text style transfer tasks that can be mostly addressed by slight token- or phrase-level edits,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Xun Wang , Tao Ge , Allen Mao , Yuki Li , Furu Wei , Si-Qing Chen

Many evaluations of large language models (LLMs) in text annotation focus primarily on the correctness of the output, typically comparing model-generated labels to human-annotated ``ground truth'' using standard performance metrics. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiaman He , Zikang Leng , Dana McKay , Damiano Spina , Johanne R. Trippas

Attention level estimation systems have a high potential in many use cases, such as human-robot interaction, driver modeling and smart home systems, since being able to measure a person's attention level opens the possibility to natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Andrea Coifman , Péter Rohoska , Miklas S. Kristoffersen , Sven E. Shepstone , Zheng-Hua Tan

This paper investigates the automation of qualitative data analysis, focusing on inductive coding using large language models (LLMs). Unlike traditional approaches that rely on deductive methods with predefined labels, this research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Angelina Parfenova , Andreas Marfurt , Alexander Denzler , Juergen Pfeffer

With the recent proliferation of large language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), there has been a significant shift in exploring human and machine comprehension of semantic language meaning. This shift calls…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yuhong Zhang , Qin Li , Sujal Nahata , Tasnia Jamal , Shih-kuen Cheng , Gert Cauwenberghs , Tzyy-Ping Jung

With a growing interest in modeling inherent subjectivity in natural language, we present a linguistically-motivated process to understand and analyze the writing style of individuals from three perspectives: lexical, syntactic, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Gaurav Verma , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

Understanding how styles differ across languages is advantageous for training both humans and computers to generate culturally appropriate text. We introduce an explanation framework to extract stylistic differences from multilingual LMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Shreya Havaldar , Matthew Pressimone , Eric Wong , Lyle Ungar

In many scenarios, humans prefer a text-based representation of quantitative data over numerical, tabular, or graphical representations. The attractiveness of textual summaries for complex data has inspired research on data-to-text systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Pegah Jandaghi , Jay Pujara