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We consider a model for multivariate data with heavy-tailed marginal distributions and a Gaussian dependence structure. The different marginals in the model are allowed to have non-identical tail behavior in contrast to most popular…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-23 Bikramjit Das

One of the main topics of extreme value analysis is to estimate the extreme value index, an important parameter that controls the tail behavior of the distribution. In many cases, estimating the extreme value index of the target variable…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-22 Takuma Yoshida , Yuta Umezu

Causality plays a central role in understanding interactions between variables in complex systems. These systems often exhibit state-dependent causal relationships, where both the strength and direction of causality vary with the value of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-08-05 Álvaro Martínez-Sánchez , Adrián Lozano-Durán

We propose a framework for determining whether the causal dependence of an outcome $Y$ on a covariate $X$ changes at a given time point, given confounders $\boldsymbol{Z}$. For instance, in financial markets, the effect of a market…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-08 Shakeel Gavioli-Akilagun , Kieran Wood , Francesco Quinzan

The assumption of independence between observations (units) in a dataset is prevalent across various methodologies for learning causal graphical models. However, this assumption often finds itself in conflict with real-world data, posing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Alex Chen , Qing Zhou

Extreme events and the heavy tail distributions driven by them are ubiquitous in various scientific, engineering and financial research. They are typically associated with stochastic instability caused by hidden unresolved processes.…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Andrew J. Majda , Xin T. Tong

We establish a statistical learning theoretical framework aimed at extrapolation, or out-of-domain generalization, on the unobserved tails of covariates in continuous regression problems. Our strategy involves performing statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-15 Stephan Clémençon , Nathan Huet , Anne Sabourin

Vine copulas are a type of multivariate dependence model, composed of a collection of bivariate copulas that are combined according to a specific underlying graphical structure. Their flexibility and practicality in moderate and high…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Emma S. Simpson , Jennifer L. Wadsworth , Jonathan A. Tawn

Understanding multivariate extreme events play a crucial role in managing the risks of complex systems since extremes are governed by their own mechanisms. Conditional on a given variable exceeding a high threshold (e.g.\ traffic…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-28 Valentin Courgeau , Almut E. D. Veraart

Extremal graphical models are sparse statistical models for multivariate extreme events. The underlying graph encodes conditional independencies and enables a visual interpretation of the complex extremal dependence structure. For the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-18 Sebastian Engelke , Stanislav Volgushev

Inference over tails is performed by applying only the results of extreme value theory. Whilst such theory is well defined and flexible enough in the univariate case, multivariate inferential methods often require the imposition of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-11 Manuele Leonelli , Dani Gamerman

This paper considers one-dimensional mixed causal/noncausal autoregressive (MAR) processes with heavy tail, usually introduced to model trajectories with patterns including asymmetric peaks and throughs, speculative bubbles, flash crashes,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-11 Christian Gouriéroux , Yang Lu , Christian-Yann Robert

In many scientific disciplines, coarse-grained causal models are used to explain and predict the dynamics of more fine-grained systems. Naturally, such models require appropriate macrovariables. Automated procedures to detect suitable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Benedikt Höltgen

Causal systems often exhibit variations of the underlying causal mechanisms between the variables of the system. Often, these changes are driven by different environments or internal states in which the system operates, and we refer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Wiebke Günther , Oana-Iuliana Popescu , Martin Rabel , Urmi Ninad , Andreas Gerhardus , Jakob Runge

Capturing the dependence structure of multivariate extreme events is a major concern in many fields involving the management of risks stemming from multiple sources, e.g. portfolio monitoring, insurance, environmental risk management and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-03-15 Nicolas Goix , Anne Sabourin , Stéphan Clémençon

The estimation of conditional quantiles at extreme tails is of great interest in numerous applications. Various methods that integrate regression analysis with an extrapolation strategy derived from extreme value theory have been proposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-22 Yiwei Tang , Judy Huixia Wang , Deyuan Li

A common object to describe the extremal dependence of a $d$-variate random vector $X$ is the stable tail dependence function $L$. Various parametric models have emerged, with a popular subclass consisting of those stable tail dependence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Alexis Boulin , Axel Bücher

It is no secret that statistical modelling often involves making simplifying assumptions when attempting to study complex stochastic phenomena. Spatial modelling of extreme values is no exception, with one of the most common such…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-05 Lydia Kakampakou , Emma S. Simpson , Jennifer L. Wadsworth

We describe a method that infers whether statistical dependences between two observed variables X and Y are due to a "direct" causal link or only due to a connecting causal path that contains an unobserved variable of low complexity, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Dominik Janzing , Eleni Sgouritsa , Oliver Stegle , Jonas Peters , Bernhard Schoelkopf

This book chapter illustrates how to apply extreme value statistics to financial time series data. Such data often exhibits strong serial dependence, which complicates assessment of tail risks. We discuss the two main approches to tail risk…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-30 Anna Kiriliouk , Chen Zhou