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Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce random numbers based on the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, making them true random number generators (TRNGs). In this paper, we design and fabricate an embedded QRNG…

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can significantly improve the security of cryptographic protocols, by ensuring that generated keys cannot be predicted. However, the cost, size, and power requirements of current QRNGs has prevented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-03 Bruno Sanguinetti , Anthony Martin , Hugo Zbinden , Nicolas Gisin

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) harnesses the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanical phenomena. Demonstrations of such processes have, however, been limited to probabilistic sources, for instance, spontaneous parametric…

Random Number Generators are critical components of modern cryptosystems. Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) have emerged to provide high-quality randomness for these applications. Here we describe a scheme to extract random numbers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Jaideep Singh , Rodrigo Piera , Yury Kurochkin , James A. Grieve

Random numbers are essential for our modern information based society e.g. in cryptography. Unlike frequently used pseudo-random generators, physical random number generators do not depend on complex algorithms but rather on a physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Mario Stipčević , Rupert Ursin

As a fundamental phenomenon in nature, randomness has a wide range of applications in the fields of science and engineering. Among different types of random number generators (RNG), quantum random number generator (QRNG) is a kind of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-19 Bingjie Xu , Ziyang Chen , Zhengyu Li , Jie Yang , Qi Su , Wei Huang , Yichen Zhang , Hong Guo

A quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on gated single photon detection of an InGaAs photodiode at GHz frequency is demonstrated. Owing to the extremely long coherence time of each photon, each photons' wavefuntion extends over many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-28 J. F. Dynes , Z. L. Yuan , A. W. Sharpe , A. J. Shields

The prototype quantum random number (random bit) generators (QRNG) consists of one photon at a time falling on a $50:50$ beam splitter followed by random detection in one or the other other output beams due to the irreducible probabilistic…

In this paper, we proposed an experimental implementation of quantum random number generator(QRNG) with inherent randomness of quantum tunneling effect of electrons. We exploited InGaAs/InP diodes, whose valance band and conduction band…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 Haihan Zhou , Junlin Li , Dong Pan , Weixing Zhang , Guilu Long

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the inherent unpredictability of quantum mechanics to produce true randomness. Yet, in many optical implementations, the light source remains a potential vulnerability - susceptible to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 KaiWei Qiu , Yu Cai , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Jing Yan Haw

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) is a resource that is a necessity in the field of cryptography. However, its certification has been challenging. In this article, we certify randomness with the aid of quantum entanglement in a device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Vardaan Mongia , Abhishek Kumar , Shashi Prabhakar , Anindya Banerji , R. P. Singh

Device-independent quantum random number generators (DI-QRNGs) are crucial for information processing, ensuring certified quantumness and genuine randomness. However, existing implementations often face low bit rates due to quantumness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Ayan Kumar Nai , Vimlesh Kumar , M. Ebrahim-Zadeh , G. K. Samanta

Randomness is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which is an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Practical quantum random number generators (QRNG) usually need to trust their devices, but their security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-15 Marco Avesani , Hamid Tebyanian , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone

Random Number Generators (RNGs) are crucial for applications ranging from cryptography to simulations. Depending on the source of randomness, RNGs are classified into Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs), True Random Number Generators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Anurag K. S. V. , Shubham Chouhan , K. Srinivasan , G. Raghavan , Kanaka Raju P

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) output genuine random numbers based upon the uncertainty principle. A QRNG contains two parts in general --- a randomness source and a readout detector. How to remove detector imperfections has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-14 Zhu Cao , Hongyi Zhou , Xiongfeng Ma

Random number generation is crucial in many aspects of everyday life, as online security and privacy depend ultimately on the quality of random numbers. Many current implementations are based on pseudo-random number generators, but…

Quantum physics can be exploited to generate true random numbers, which play important roles in many applications, especially in cryptography. Genuine randomness from the measurement of a quantum system reveals the inherent nature of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-29 Xiongfeng Ma , Xiao Yuan , Zhu Cao , Bing Qi , Zhen Zhang

For globally connected devices like smart phones, personal computers and Internet-of-things devices, the ability to generate random numbers is essential for execution of cryptographic protocols responsible for information security.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-25 Mario Stipčević , Ivan Michel Antolović , Claudio Bruschini , Edoardo Charbon

Emerging communication and cryptography applications call for reliable, fast, unpredictable random number generators. Quantum random number generation (QRNG) allows for the creation of truly unpredictable numbers thanks to the inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Cedric Bruynsteen , Tobias Gehring , Cosmo Lupo , Johan Bauwelinck , Xin Yin

We propose an approach to realize a quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the photon number decision of weak laser pulses. This type of QRNG can generate true random numbers at a high speed and can be adjusted to zero bias…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-07 Wei Wei , J. W. Zhang , Tian Liu , Hong Guo
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