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Text simplification supports second language (L2) learning by providing comprehensible input, consistent with the Input Hypothesis. However, constructing personalized parallel corpora is costly, while existing large language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jinhong Jeong , Junghun Park , Youngjae Yu

Text simplification, crucial in natural language processing, aims to make texts more comprehensible, particularly for specific groups like visually impaired Spanish speakers, a less-represented language in this field. In Spanish, there are…

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has gained traction for its ability to learn rich representations with low labeling costs, applicable across diverse downstream tasks. However, assessing the downstream-task performance remains challenging due…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Takashi Maekaku , Keita Goto , Jinchuan Tian , Yusuke Shinohara , Shinji Watanabe

Recent research has increasingly focused on evaluating large language models' (LLMs) alignment with diverse human values and preferences, particularly for open-ended tasks like story generation. Traditional evaluation metrics rely heavily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Danqing Wang , Kevin Yang , Hanlin Zhu , Xiaomeng Yang , Andrew Cohen , Lei Li , Yuandong Tian

User acceptance of artificial intelligence agents might depend on their ability to explain their reasoning, which requires adding an interpretability layer that fa- cilitates users to understand their behavior. This paper focuses on adding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-16 I. Lopez-Gazpio , M. Maritxalar , A. Gonzalez-Agirre , G. Rigau , L. Uria , E. Agirre

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) has become increasingly challenging as model capabilities advance rapidly. While recent models often achieve higher scores on standard benchmarks, these improvements do not consistently reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Haiquan Hu , Jiazhi Jiang , Shiyou Xu , Ruhan Zeng , Tian Wang

Natural language processing (NLP) systems are increasingly trained to generate open-ended text rather than classifying between responses. This makes research on evaluation metrics for generated language -- functions that score system output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Thomas Scialom , Felix Hill

Reliable evaluation is essential for developing and deploying large language models, yet in practice it often requires substantial manual effort: practitioners must identify appropriate benchmarks, reproduce heterogeneous evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chengyu Shen , Yanheng Hou , Minghui Pan , Runming He , Zhen Hao Wong , Meiyi Qiang , Zhou Liu , Hao Liang , Peichao Lai , Zeang Sheng , Wentao Zhang

This work presents Keep it Simple (KiS), a new approach to unsupervised text simplification which learns to balance a reward across three properties: fluency, salience and simplicity. We train the model with a novel algorithm to optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Philippe Laban , Tobias Schnabel , Paul Bennett , Marti A. Hearst

Despite significant strides in statement autoformalization, a critical gap remains in the development of automated evaluation metrics capable of assessing formal translation quality. Existing metrics often fail to balance semantic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiaoyang Liu , Tao Zhu , Zineng Dong , Yuntian Liu , Qingfeng Guo , Zhaoxuan Liu , Yu Chen , Tao Luo

Sentence simplification reduces semantic complexity to benefit people with language impairments. Previous simplification studies on the sentence level and word level have achieved promising results but also meet great challenges. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Yaoyuan Zhang , Zhenxu Ye , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Text simplification is a valuable technique. However, current research is limited to sentence simplification. In this paper, we define and investigate a new task of document-level text simplification, which aims to simplify a document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Renliang Sun , Hanqi Jin , Xiaojun Wan

The scarcity of comprehensive up-to-date studies on evaluation metrics for text summarization and the lack of consensus regarding evaluation protocols continue to inhibit progress. We address the existing shortcomings of summarization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Alexander R. Fabbri , Wojciech Kryściński , Bryan McCann , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher , Dragomir Radev

The powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their growing use in evaluating human-generated content, particularly in evaluating research ideas within academic settings. Existing solutions primarily rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Tao Feng , Yihang Sun , Jiaxuan You

The impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) has attracted considerable attention from the academic and industrial communities. Besides how to construct and train LLMs, how to effectively evaluate and compare the capacity of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhumin Chu , Qingyao Ai , Yiteng Tu , Haitao Li , Yiqun Liu

We introduce Speech-IFeval, an evaluation framework designed to assess instruction-following capabilities and quantify catastrophic forgetting in speech-aware language models (SLMs). Recent SLMs integrate speech perception with large…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Ke-Han Lu , Chun-Yi Kuan , Hung-yi Lee

Semantic textual similarity (STS) systems are designed to encode and evaluate the semantic similarity between words, phrases, sentences, and documents. One method for assessing the quality or authenticity of semantic information encoded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-04 Kimberly Glasgow , Matthew Roos , Amy Haufler , Mark Chevillet , Michael Wolmetz

This work presents a new task of Text Expansion (TE), which aims to insert fine-grained modifiers into proper locations of the plain text to concretize or vivify human writings. Different from existing insertion-based writing assistance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Yi Chen , Haiyun Jiang , Wei Bi , Rui Wang , Longyue Wang , Shuming Shi , Ruifeng Xu

Soft prompt learning has recently emerged as one of the methods of choice for adapting V&L models to a downstream task using a few training examples. However, current methods significantly overfit the training data, suffering from large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Adrian Bulat , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

In this work, we propose EASSE-multi, a framework for easier automatic sentence evaluation for languages other than English. Compared to the original EASSE framework, EASSE-multi does not focus only on English. It contains tokenizers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Regina Stodden