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Numerous methods have been proposed to measure LLM misgendering, including probability-based evaluations (e.g., automatically with templatic sentences) and generation-based evaluations (e.g., with automatic heuristics or human validation).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arjun Subramonian , Vagrant Gautam , Preethi Seshadri , Dietrich Klakow , Kai-Wei Chang , Yizhou Sun

Language models have seen significant growth in the size of their corpus, leading to notable performance improvements. Yet, there has been limited progress in developing models that handle smaller, more human-like datasets. As part of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Xingmeng Zhao , Tongnian Wang , Sheri Osborn , Anthony Rios

Although large language models (LLMs) have advanced the state-of-the-art in NLP significantly, deploying them for downstream applications is still challenging due to cost, responsiveness, control, or concerns around privacy and security. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Dong-Ho Lee , Jay Pujara , Mohit Sewak , Ryen W. White , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Humans follow criteria when they execute tasks, and these criteria are directly used to assess the quality of task completion. Therefore, having models learn to use criteria to provide feedback can help humans or models to perform tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Weizhe Yuan , Pengfei Liu , Matthias Gallé

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed with increasing real-world responsibilities, it is important to be able to specify and constrain the behavior of these systems in a reliable manner. Model developers may wish to set explicit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Norman Mu , Sarah Chen , Zifan Wang , Sizhe Chen , David Karamardian , Lulwa Aljeraisy , Basel Alomair , Dan Hendrycks , David Wagner

Do machines and humans process language in similar ways? Recent research has hinted at the affirmative, showing that human neural activity can be effectively predicted using the internal representations of language models (LMs). Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yuchen Zhou , Emmy Liu , Graham Neubig , Michael J. Tarr , Leila Wehbe

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strikingly conflicting behaviors: they can appear steadfastly overconfident in their initial answers whilst at the same time being prone to excessive doubt when challenged. To investigate this apparent…

Large language models (LLMs) can internally distinguish between evaluation and deployment contexts, a behaviour known as \emph{evaluation awareness}. This undermines AI safety evaluations, as models may conceal dangerous capabilities during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Maheep Chaudhary , Ian Su , Nikhil Hooda , Nishith Shankar , Julia Tan , Kevin Zhu , Ryan Lagasse , Vasu Sharma , Ashwinee Panda

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has not only provided numerous opportunities but also presented significant challenges. This becomes particularly evident when LLMs inadvertently generate harmful or toxic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kai Chen , Chunwei Wang , Kuo Yang , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Fei Mi , Hang Xu , Zhengying Liu , Wenyong Huang , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning, generalization, and simulating human-like behavior across a wide range of tasks. These strengths present new opportunities to enhance traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Nachiket Subbaraman , Jaskinder Sarai , Aniruddh Nath , Lichan Hong , Lukasz Heldt , Li Wei , Zhe Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised the capability of AI models in comprehending and generating natural language text. They are increasingly being used to empower and deploy agents in real-world scenarios, which make decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Sagar Uprety , Amit Kumar Jaiswal , Haiming Liu , Dawei Song

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has proven to drastically improve usability and has driven rapid adoption as demonstrated by ChatGPT. Alignment techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement…

We show that the use of large language models (LLMs) is prevalent among crowd workers, and that targeted mitigation strategies can significantly reduce, but not eliminate, LLM use. On a text summarization task where workers were not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Veniamin Veselovsky , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Philip Cozzolino , Andrew Gordon , David Rothschild , Robert West

We introduce a large language model (LLM) capable of processing speech inputs and show that tuning it further with reinforcement learning on human preference (RLHF) enables it to adapt better to disordered speech than traditional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Chirag Nagpal , Subhashini Venugopalan , Jimmy Tobin , Marilyn Ladewig , Katherine Heller , Katrin Tomanek

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now state-of-the-art at summarization, yet the internal notion of importance that drives their information selections remains hidden. We propose to investigate this by combining behavioral and computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yongxin Zhou , Changshun Wu , Philippe Mulhem , Didier Schwab , Maxime Peyrard

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks in recent years. However, their universal nature poses limitations in scenarios requiring personalized responses, such as recommendation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Stanisław Woźniak , Bartłomiej Koptyra , Arkadiusz Janz , Przemysław Kazienko , Jan Kocoń

Large Language Models (LLMs) interact with millions of people worldwide in applications such as customer support, education and healthcare. However, their ability to produce deceptive outputs, whether intentionally or inadvertently, poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Marwa Abdulhai , Ryan Cheng , Aryansh Shrivastava , Natasha Jaques , Yarin Gal , Sergey Levine

Large language models are increasingly used as computational tools for modeling human-like behavior. We introduce a behavioral induction framework that modifies model policies through fine-tuning on structured decision-making tasks: using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Nicola Milano , Davide Marocco

As large language models (LLMs) become an important way of information access, there have been increasing concerns that LLMs may intensify the spread of unethical content, including implicit bias that hurts certain populations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yuchen Wen , Keping Bi , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

This paper explores the advancements in making large language models (LLMs) more human-like. We focus on techniques that enhance natural language understanding, conversational coherence, and emotional intelligence in AI systems. The study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ethem Yağız Çalık , Talha Rüzgar Akkuş
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