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Testing the dependency between two random variables is an important inference problem in statistics since many statistical procedures rely on the assumption that the two samples are independent. To test whether two samples are independent,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-04 Jin-Ting Zhang , Tianming Zhu

The Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) and its joint-independence extension $d\mathrm{HSIC}$ are degenerate $V$-statistics whose data-dependent weighted-$\chi^2$ null limits force a permutation calibration that multiplies the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-22 Felix Laumann , Zhaolu Liu , Mauricio Barahona

We investigate the problem of testing whether $d$ random variables, which may or may not be continuous, are jointly (or mutually) independent. Our method builds on ideas of the two variable Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) but…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-07 Niklas Pfister , Peter Bühlmann , Bernhard Schölkopf , Jonas Peters

A new non parametric approach to the problem of testing the independence of two random process is developed. The test statistic is the Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), which was used previously in testing independence for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-18 Kacper Chwialkowski , Arthur Gretton

Testing the independence between two random variables $x$ and $y$ is an important problem in statistics and machine learning, where the kernel-based tests of independence is focused to address the study of dependence recently. The advantage…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-04-14 Wen-Yu Hua , Philip Reiss , Debashis Ghosh

Dependence measures based on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, also known as Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion and denoted HSIC, are widely used to statistically decide whether or not two random vectors are dependent. Recently,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Mélisande Albert , Béatrice Laurent , Amandine Marrel , Anouar Meynaoui

The Hilbert--Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) is a popular measure of the dependency between two random variables. The statistic dHSIC is an extension of HSIC that can be used to test joint independence of $d$ random variables. Such…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-15 David Rindt , Dino Sejdinovic , David Steinsaltz

A statistical test of independence may be constructed using the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) as a test statistic. The HSIC is defined as the distance between the embedding of the joint distribution, and the embedding of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-27 Arthur Gretton

We propose a series of computationally efficient nonparametric tests for the two-sample, independence, and goodness-of-fit problems, using the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), and Kernel Stein…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-27 Antonin Schrab , Ilmun Kim , Benjamin Guedj , Arthur Gretton

Conditional independence testing is a fundamental problem underlying causal discovery and a particularly challenging task in the presence of nonlinear and high-dimensional dependencies. Here a fully non-parametric test for continuous data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-06 Jakob Runge

We propose a new conditional dependence measure and a statistical test for conditional independence. The measure is based on the difference between analytic kernel embeddings of two well-suited distributions evaluated at a finite set of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Meyer Scetbon , Laurent Meunier , Yaniv Romano

Two-sample and independence tests with the kernel-based MMD and HSIC have shown remarkable results on i.i.d. data and stationary random processes. However, these statistics are not directly applicable to non-stationary random processes, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-05 Felix Laumann , Julius von Kügelgen , Mauricio Barahona

Permutation tests are a popular choice for distinguishing distributions and testing independence, due to their exact, finite-sample control of false positives and their minimax optimality when paired with U-statistics. However, standard…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-26 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Raaz Dwivedi , Lester Mackey

This paper deals with the problem of nonparametric independence testing, a fundamental decision-theoretic problem that asks if two arbitrary (possibly multivariate) random variables $X,Y$ are independent or not, a question that comes up in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-09-04 Aaditya Ramdas , Leila Wehbe

Kernel techniques are among the most popular and powerful approaches of data science. Among the key features that make kernels ubiquitous are (i) the number of domains they have been designed for, (ii) the Hilbert structure of the function…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-18 Florian Kalinke , Zoltán Szabó

This work investigates the problem of testing whether $d$ functional random variables are jointly independent using a modified estimator of the $d$-variable Hilbert Schmidt Indepedence Criterion ($d$HSIC) which generalizes HSIC for the case…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-16 Terence Kevin Manfoumbi Djonguet , Guy Martial Nkiet

Kernel techniques are among the most influential approaches in data science and statistics. Under mild conditions, the reproducing kernel Hilbert space associated to a kernel is capable of encoding the independence of $M\ge 2$ random…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Florian Kalinke , Zoltan Szabo

Causal inference grows increasingly complex as the number of confounders increases. Given treatments $X$, confounders $Z$ and outcomes $Y$, we develop a non-parametric method to test the \textit{do-null} hypothesis $H_0:\; p(y|\text{\it…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-04 Robert Hu , Dino Sejdinovic , Robin J. Evans

Many tools exist to detect dependence between random variables, a core question across a wide range of machine learning, statistical, and scientific endeavors. Although several statistical tests guarantee eventual detection of any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Nathaniel Xu , Feng Liu , Danica J. Sutherland

A new computationally efficient dependence measure, and an adaptive statistical test of independence, are proposed. The dependence measure is the difference between analytic embeddings of the joint distribution and the product of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-18 Wittawat Jitkrittum , Zoltan Szabo , Arthur Gretton
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