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Randomized smoothing, a method to certify a classifier's decision on an input is invariant under adversarial noise, offers attractive advantages over other certification methods. It operates in a black-box and so certification is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Jamie Hayes

Randomized smoothing is the dominant standard for provable defenses against adversarial examples. Nevertheless, this method has recently been proven to suffer from important information theoretic limitations. In this paper, we argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Raphael Ettedgui , Alexandre Araujo , Rafael Pinot , Yann Chevaleyre , Jamal Atif

The robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs) against adversarial example attacks has raised wide attention. For smoothed classifiers, we propose the worst-case adversarial loss over input distributions as a robustness certificate. Compared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Jungang Yang , Liyao Xiang , Ruidong Chen , Yukun Wang , Wei Wang , Xinbing Wang

Randomized smoothing (RS) is a well known certified defense against adversarial attacks, which creates a smoothed classifier by predicting the most likely class under random noise perturbations of inputs during inference. While initial work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Soumalya Nandi , Sravanti Addepalli , Harsh Rangwani , R. Venkatesh Babu

Adversarial training is one of the strongest defenses against adversarial attacks, but it requires adversarial examples to be generated for every mini-batch during optimization. The expense of producing these examples during training often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Ali Shafahi , Amin Ghiasi , Furong Huang , Tom Goldstein

Randomized smoothing has established state-of-the-art provable robustness against $\ell_2$ norm adversarial attacks with high probability. However, the introduced Gaussian data augmentation causes a severe decrease in natural accuracy. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Ching-Chia Kao , Jhe-Bang Ko , Chun-Shien Lu

Randomized smoothing is a popular certified defense against adversarial attacks. In its essence, we need to solve a problem of statistical estimation which is usually very time-consuming since we need to perform numerous (usually $10^5$)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Vaclav Voracek

Gradient-based saliency methods such as Vanilla Gradient (VG) and Integrated Gradients (IG) are widely used to explain image classifiers, yet the resulting maps are often noisy and unstable, limiting their usefulness in high-stakes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dipkamal Bhusal , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Randomized smoothing has shown promising certified robustness against adversaries in classification tasks. Despite such success with only zeroth-order access to base models, randomized smoothing has not been extended to a general form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Aref Miri Rekavandi , Olga Ohrimenko , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Certifiable robustness gives the guarantee that small perturbations around an input to a classifier will not change the prediction. There are two approaches to provide certifiable robustness to adversarial examples: a) explicitly training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Meiyu Zhong , Ravi Tandon

Robustness of deep neural networks to input noise remains a critical challenge, as naive noise injection often degrades accuracy on clean (uncorrupted) data. We propose a novel training framework that addresses this trade-off through two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Hai-Vy Nguyen , Fabrice Gamboa , Sixin Zhang , Reda Chhaibi , Serge Gratton , Thierry Giaccone

The current state-of-the-art defense methods against adversarial examples typically focus on improving either empirical or certified robustness. Among them, adversarially trained (AT) models produce empirical state-of-the-art defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Jay Nandy , Sudipan Saha , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Current techniques in machine learning are so far are unable to learn classifiers that are robust to adversarial perturbations. However, they are able to learn non-robust classifiers with very high accuracy, even in the presence of random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-04 Preetum Nakkiran

Randomized smoothing has been shown to provide good certified-robustness guarantees for high-dimensional classification problems. It uses the probabilities of predicting the top two most-likely classes around an input point under a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Aounon Kumar , Alexander Levine , Soheil Feizi , Tom Goldstein

Randomized smoothing is a defensive technique to achieve enhanced robustness against adversarial examples which are small input perturbations that degrade the performance of neural network models. Conventional randomized smoothing adds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Ryo Hase , Ye Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Jing Liu , Kieran Parsons

Real-life applications of deep neural networks are hindered by their unsteady predictions when faced with noisy inputs and adversarial attacks. The certified radius in this context is a crucial indicator of the robustness of models. However…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Blaise Delattre , Alexandre Araujo , Quentin Barthélemy , Alexandre Allauzen

We study the robustness of classifiers to various kinds of random noise models. In particular, we consider noise drawn uniformly from the $\ell\_p$ ball for $p \in [1, \infty]$ and Gaussian noise with an arbitrary covariance matrix. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Jean-Yves Franceschi , Alhussein Fawzi , Omar Fawzi

Randomized smoothing has emerged as a potent certifiable defense against adversarial attacks by employing smoothing noises from specific distributions to ensure the robustness of a smoothed classifier. However, the utilization of Monte…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Devansh Bhardwaj , Kshitiz Kaushik , Sarthak Gupta

Randomized smoothing (RS) is an effective and scalable technique for constructing neural network classifiers that are certifiably robust to adversarial perturbations. Most RS works focus on training a good base model that boosts the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Chen Chen , Kezhi Kong , Peihong Yu , Juan Luque , Tom Goldstein , Furong Huang

Fairness and robustness are critical elements of Trustworthy AI that need to be addressed together. Fairness is about learning an unbiased model while robustness is about learning from corrupted data, and it is known that addressing only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Yuji Roh , Kangwook Lee , Steven Euijong Whang , Changho Suh