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The structure and design of optimal supply networks is an important topic in complex networks research. A fundamental trait of natural and man-made networks is the emergence of loops and the trade-off governing their formation: adding…

Channel formation and branching is widely seen in physical systems where movement of fluid through a porous structure causes the spatiotemporal evolution of the medium in response to the flow, in turn causing flow pathways to evolve. We…

Transportation and distribution networks are a class of spatial networks that have been of interest in recent years. These networks are often characterized by the presence of complex structures such as central loops paired with peripheral…

Global coastlines and their dense populations have an uncertain future due to increased flooding, storms, and human modification. The distributary channel networks of deltas and marshes that plumb these coastlines present diverse…

Leaf venation is a pervasive example of a complex biological network, endowing leaves with a transport system and mechanical resilience. Transport networks optimized for efficiency have been shown to be trees, i.e. loopless. However,…

Transport networks are crucial to the functioning of natural and technological systems. Nature features transport networks that are adaptive over a vast range of parameters, thus providing an impressive level of robustness in supply.…

Cord-forming fungi form extensive networks that continuously adapt to maintain an efficient transport system. As osmotically driven water uptake is often distal from the tips, and aqueous fluids are incompressible, we propose that growth…

Branched structures that evolve over time critically determine the function of various natural and engineered systems, including growing vasculature, neural arborization, pulmonary networks such as lungs, river basins, power distribution…

The simplest microfluidic network (a loop) comprises two parallel channels with a common inlet and a common outlet. Recent studies, that assumed constant cross-section of the channels along their length, have shown that the sequence of…

Networks are commonly used to define underlying interaction structures where infections, information, or other quantities may spread. Although the standard approach has been to aggregate all links into a static structure, some studies…

We propose a dynamical process for network evolution, aiming at explaining the emergence of the small world phenomenon, i.e., the statistical observation that any pair of individuals are linked by a short chain of acquaintances computable…

Microorganisms often encounter strong confinement and complex hydrodynamic flows while navigating their habitats. Combining finite-element methods and stochastic simulations, we study the interplay of active transport and heterogeneous…

Dynamical patterns in complex networks of coupled oscillators are both of theoretical and practical interest, yet to fully reveal and understand the interplay between pattern emergence and network structure remains to be an outstanding…

Complex networks characterized by global transport processes rely on the presence of directed paths from input to output nodes and edges, which organize in characteristic linked components. The analysis of such network-spanning structures…

The evolution of complex transport networks is investigated under three strategies of link removal: random, intentional attack and "Pseudo-Darwinian" strategy. At each evolution step and regarding the selected strategy, one removes either a…

Connectivity structure shapes neural computation, but inferring this structure from population recordings is degenerate: multiple connectivity structures can generate identical dynamics. Recent work uses low-rank recurrent neural networks…

Transport networks are crucial to the functioning of natural systems and technological infrastructures. For flow networks in many scenarios, such as rivers or blood vessels, acyclic networks (i.e., trees) are optimal structures when…

Living organisms, ecosystems, and social systems are examples of complex systems in which robustness against inclusion of new elements is an essential feature. A recently proposed simple model has revealed a general mechanism by which such…

Highly-optimized complex transport networks serve crucial functions in many man-made and natural systems such as power grids and plant or animal vasculature. Often, the relevant optimization functional is non-convex and characterized by…

In this paper, we explore the reduction of functionality in a complex system as a consequence of cumulative random damage and imperfect reparation, a phenomenon modeled as a dynamical process on networks. We analyze the global…