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Transformer-based large language models have remarkable potential to accelerate design optimization for applications such as drug development and materials discovery. Self-supervised pretraining of transformer models requires large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Pei Zhang , Logan Kearney , Debsindhu Bhowmik , Zachary Fox , Amit K. Naskar , John Gounley

We explore the topology of representation manifolds arising in autoregressive neural language models trained on raw text data. In order to study their properties, we introduce tools from computational algebraic topology, which we use as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Stephen Fitz , Peter Romero , Jiyan Jonas Schneider

Accurately handling the underlying support values in sentences is crucial for understanding the speaker's tendencies, yet it poses a challenging task in natural language understanding (NLU). In this article, we explore the potential of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Pingwei Sun

Transformer layers, which use an alternating pattern of multi-head attention and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) layers, provide an effective tool for a variety of machine learning problems. As the transformer layers use residual connections…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yaofeng Desmond Zhong , Tongtao Zhang , Amit Chakraborty , Biswadip Dey

Parameter fine tuning is a transfer learning approach whereby learned parameters from pre-trained source network are transferred to the target network followed by fine-tuning. Prior research has shown that this approach is capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Tasfia Shermin , Shyh Wei Teng , Manzur Murshed , Guojun Lu , Ferdous Sohel , Manoranjan Paul

Training large language representation models has become a standard in the natural language processing community. This allows for fine tuning on any number of specific tasks, however, these large high capacity models can continue to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Kristjan Arumae , Parminder Bhatia

Recent works have shown promising results of prompt tuning in stimulating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, to the best of our knowledge, existing works focus on prompt-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yuan Yao , Bowen Dong , Ao Zhang , Zhengyan Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Leyu Lin , Maosong Sun , Jianyong Wang

Solving symbolic mathematics has always been of in the arena of human ingenuity that needs compositional reasoning and recurrence. However, recent studies have shown that large-scale language models such as transformers are universal and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-15 Kimia Noorbakhsh , Modar Sulaiman , Mahdi Sharifi , Kallol Roy , Pooyan Jamshidi

We present Adjacent Possible Exploration (APE), a selective fine-tuning method for adapting large language models that systematically explores parameter modifications while maintaining model stability. Inspired by evolutionary optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Javier Marín

In recent years, pretrained models revolutionized the paradigm of natural language understanding (NLU), where we append a randomly initialized classification head after the pretrained backbone, e.g. BERT, and finetune the whole model. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Zhuoyi Yang , Ming Ding , Yanhui Guo , Qingsong Lv , Jie Tang

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models for downstream tasks remains a critical challenge in natural language processing. This paper presents an empirical analysis comparing two efficient fine-tuning methods - BitFit and adapter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Nigel Doering , Cyril Gorlla , Trevor Tuttle , Adhvaith Vijay

Recent work on speech representation models jointly pre-trained with text has demonstrated the potential of improving speech representations by encoding speech and text in a shared space. In this paper, we leverage such shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chung-Ming Chien , Mingjiamei Zhang , Ju-Chieh Chou , Karen Livescu

Latent representation learned from multi-layered neural networks via hierarchical feature abstraction enables recent success of deep learning. Under the deep learning framework, generalization performance highly depends on the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-07 Hyo-Eun Kim , Sangheum Hwang , Kyunghyun Cho

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced natural language processing capabilities, facilitating the development of AudioLLMs that process and understand speech and audio inputs alongside text.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Wenyu Zhang , Shuo Sun , Bin Wang , Xunlong Zou , Zhuohan Liu , Yingxu He , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw

Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks significantly, but finetuning PLMs on low-resource datasets poses significant challenges such as instability and overfitting. Previous methods tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Sai Ashish Somayajula , Youwei Liang , Abhishek Singh , Li Zhang , Pengtao Xie

Large Language Models are growing in size, and we expect them to continue to do so, as larger models train quicker. However, this increase in size will severely impact inference costs. Therefore model compression is important, to retain the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Georgy Tyukin

Pre-trained vision-language models are able to interpret visual concepts and language semantics. Prompt learning, a method of constructing prompts for text encoders or image encoders, elicits the potentials of pre-trained models and readily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

De-interleaving of the mixtures of Hidden Markov Processes (HMPs) generally depends on its representation model. Existing representation models consider Markov chain mixtures rather than hidden Markov, resulting in the lack of robustness to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-04 Jiadi Bao , Mengtao Zhu , Yunjie Li , Shafei Wang

The tendency for hallucination in current large language models (LLMs) negatively impacts dialogue systems. Such hallucinations produce factually incorrect responses that may mislead users and undermine system trust. Existing refinement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Xiangyan Chen , Yujian Gan , Matthew Purver

In this paper, we move towards combining large parametric models with non-parametric prototypical networks. We propose prototypical fine-tuning, a novel prototypical framework for fine-tuning pretrained language models (LM), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yiqiao Jin , Xiting Wang , Yaru Hao , Yizhou Sun , Xing Xie
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