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Randomized algorithms are crucial subroutines in quantum computing, but the requirement to execute many types of circuits on a real quantum device has been challenging to their extensive implementation. In this study, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Shu Kanno , Ikko Hamamura , Rudy Raymond , Qi Gao , Naoki Yamamoto

Quantum circuits are considered more powerful than classical circuits and require exponential resources to simulate classically. Clifford circuits are a special class of quantum circuits that can be simulated in polynomial time but still…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Yuchen Pang , Edgar Solomonik

Random circuit sampling has become a popular means for demonstrating the superiority of quantum computers over classical supercomputers. While quantum chips are evolving rapidly, classical sampling algorithms are also getting better and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Gleb Kalachev , Pavel Panteleev , PengFei Zhou , Man-Hong Yung

We construct a classical algorithm that designs quantum circuits for algorithmic quantum simulation of arbitrary qudit channels on fault-tolerant quantum computers within a pre-specified error tolerance with respect to diamond-norm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-23 Dong-Sheng Wang , Barry C. Sanders

Random quantum circuits have been utilized in the contexts of quantum supremacy demonstrations, variational quantum algorithms for chemistry and machine learning, and blackhole information. The ability of random circuits to approximate any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 Minzhao Liu , Junyu Liu , Yuri Alexeev , Liang Jiang

Noise is the defining feature of the NISQ era, but it remains unclear if noisy quantum devices are capable of quantum speedups. Quantum supremacy experiments have been a major step forward, but gaps remain between the theory behind these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Adam Bouland , Bill Fefferman , Zeph Landau , Yunchao Liu

Random quantum circuit sampling serves as a benchmark to demonstrate quantum computational advantage. Recent progress in classical algorithms, especially those based on tensor network methods, has significantly reduced the classical…

Noise and decoherence are ubiquitous in the dynamics of quantum systems coupled to an external environment. In the regime where environmental correlations decay rapidly, the evolution of a subsytem is well described by a Lindblad quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Sabrina Yue Wang , Raul A. Santos

The execution of quantum circuits on real systems has largely been limited to those which are simply time-ordered sequences of unitary operations followed by a projective measurement. As hardware platforms for quantum computing continue to…

Quantum computer is extensively used in solving financial problems. Quantum amplitude estimation, an algorithm that aims to estimate the amplitude of a given quantum state, can be utilized to determine the expectation value of bonds as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-09 Jaewoong Heo , Moonjoo Lee

Since simulating quantum computers requires exponentially more classical resources, efficient algorithms are extremely helpful. We analyze algorithms that create single qubit and specific controlled qubit matrix representations of gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Hsu

Quantum samplers are believed capable of sampling efficiently from distributions that are classically hard to sample from. We consider a sampler inspired by the classical Ising model. It is nonadaptive and therefore experimentally amenable.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

The problem of sampling outputs of quantum circuits has been proposed as a candidate for demonstrating a quantum computational advantage (sometimes referred to as quantum "supremacy"). In this work, we investigate whether quantum advantage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Leonardo Novo , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Raúl García-Patrón

We describe and analyze algorithms for classically simulating measurement of an $n$-qubit quantum state $\psi$ in the standard basis, that is, sampling a bit string $x$ from the probability distribution $|\langle x|\psi\rangle|^2$. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset , Yinchen Liu

Integer programming (IP) is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that is widely used to represent a diverse set of real-world problems spanning multiple fields, such as finance, engineering, logistics, and operations research. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Kapil Goswami , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

The fundamental question of how to best simulate quantum systems using conventional computational resources lies at the forefront of condensed matter and quantum computation. It impacts both our understanding of quantum materials and our…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-09-29 Juan Carrasquilla , Di Luo , Felipe Pérez , Ashley Milsted , Bryan K. Clark , Maksims Volkovs , Leandro Aolita

The random walk formalism is used across a wide range of applications, from modelling share prices to predicting population genetics. Likewise quantum walks have shown much potential as a frame- work for developing new quantum algorithms.…

The instantaneous quantum polynomial time model (or the IQP model) is one of promising models to demonstrate a quantum computational advantage over classical computers. If the IQP model can be efficiently simulated by a classical computer,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Masahito Hayashi , Yuki Takeuchi

We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational power. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical simulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these techniques we generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-20 M. Van den Nest

Recent advances on quantum computing hardware have pushed quantum computing to the verge of quantum supremacy. Random quantum circuits are outstanding candidates to demonstrate quantum supremacy, which could be implemented on a quantum…