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This paper presents a lidar-only state estimation and tracking framework, along with a roadside sensing unit for integration with existing urban infrastructure. Urban deployments demand scalable, real-time tracking solutions, yet…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Simon Schäfer , Bassam Alrifaee , Ehsan Hashemi

Autonomous offroad driving is essential for applications like emergency rescue, military operations, and agriculture. Despite progress, systems struggle with high-speed vehicles exceeding 10m/s due to the need for accurate long-range (>…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Eric Chen , Cherie Ho , Mukhtar Maulimov , Chen Wang , Sebastian Scherer

Autonomous vehicles rely on LiDAR sensors to detect obstacles such as pedestrians, other vehicles, and fixed infrastructures. LiDAR spoofing attacks have been demonstrated that either create erroneous obstacles or prevent detection of real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-16 Hongchao Zhang , Zhouchi Li , Shiyu Cheng , Andrew Clark

Binary droplet collisions are of importance in a variety of practical applications comprising dispersed two-phase flows. The background of our research is the prediction of properties of particulate products formed in spray processes. To…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2012-10-24 C. Focke , D. Bothe , M. Kuschel , M. Sommerfeld

Autonomous driving system development is critically dependent on the ability to replay complex and diverse traffic scenarios in simulation. In such scenarios, the ability to accurately simulate the vehicle sensors such as cameras, lidar or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Zhenpei Yang , Yuning Chai , Dragomir Anguelov , Yin Zhou , Pei Sun , Dumitru Erhan , Sean Rafferty , Henrik Kretzschmar

Lidar has become an essential sensor for autonomous driving as it provides reliable depth estimation. Lidar is also the primary sensor used in building 3D maps which can be used even in the case of low-cost systems which do not use Lidar.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-08 B Ravi Kiran , Luis Roldão , Benat Irastorza , Renzo Verastegui , Sebastian Suss , Senthil Yogamani , Victor Talpaert , Alexandre Lepoutre , Guillaume Trehard

Object detection plays a fundamental role in enabling Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA), which is regarded as the revolutionary solution to addressing safety, mobility, and sustainability issues of contemporary transportation systems.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Zhengwei Bai , Guoyuan Wu , Xuewei Qi , Yongkang Liu , Kentaro Oguchi , Matthew J. Barth

Perception sensors, particularly camera and Lidar, are key elements of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) that enable them to comprehend their surroundings to informed driving and control decisions. Therefore, developing realistic simulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Hamed Haghighi , Xiaomeng Wang , Hao Jing , Mehrdad Dianati

There are two critical sensors for 3D perception in autonomous driving, the camera and the LiDAR. The camera provides rich semantic information such as color, texture, and the LiDAR reflects the 3D shape and locations of surrounding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Kaicheng Yu , Tang Tao , Hongwei Xie , Zhiwei Lin , Zhongwei Wu , Zhongyu Xia , Tingting Liang , Haiyang Sun , Jiong Deng , Dayang Hao , Yongtao Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Bing Wang

Autonomous vehicles are conceived to provide safe and secure services by validating the safety standards as indicated by SOTIF-ISO/PAS-21448 (Safety of the intended functionality). Keeping in this context, the perception of the environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Shoaib Azam , Farzeen Munir , Moongu Jeon

Environment perception is a fundamental part of the dynamic driving task executed by Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS). Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based approaches have prevailed over classical techniques for realizing the environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Iqra Aslam , Abhishek Buragohain , Daniel Bamal , Adina Aniculaesei , Meng Zhang , Andreas Rausch

LiDAR is used in autonomous driving to provide 3D spatial information and enable accurate perception in off-road environments, aiding in obstacle detection, mapping, and path planning. Learning-based LiDAR semantic segmentation utilizes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Kasi Viswanath , Peng Jiang , Sujit PB , Srikanth Saripalli

The performances of braking control systems for robotic platforms, e.g., assisted and autonomous vehicles, airplanes and drones, are deeply influenced by the road-tire friction experienced during the maneuver. Therefore, the availability of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-07 F. Crocetti , G. Costante , M. L. Fravolini , P. Valigi

Automation of complex traffic scenarios is expected to rely on input from a roadside infrastructure to complement the vehicles' environment perception. We here explore design requirements for a prototypical setup of virtual vision or RADAR…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-26 Florian Geissler , Sören Kohnert , Reinhard Stolle

Advanced sensors are a key to enable self-driving cars technology. Laser scanner sensors (LiDAR, Light Detection And Ranging) became a fundamental choice due to its long-range and robustness to low light driving conditions. The problem of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-19 Khaled Elmadawi , Moemen Abdelrazek , Mohamed Elsobky , Hesham M. Eraqi , Mohamed Zahran

We describe an open-source simulator that creates sensor irradiance and sensor images of typical automotive scenes in urban settings. The purpose of the system is to support camera design and testing for automotive applications. The user…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Zhenyi Liu , Minghao Shen , Jiaqi Zhang , Shuangting Liu , Henryk Blasinski , Trisha Lian , Brian Wandell

Autonomous driving systems are highly dependent on sensors like cameras, LiDAR, and inertial measurement units (IMU) to perceive the environment and estimate their motion. Among these sensors, perception-based sensors are not protected from…

The objective of this paper is to propose a systematic analysis of the sensor coverage of automated vehicles. Due to an unlimited number of possible traffic situations, a selection of scenarios to be tested must be applied in the safety…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Thomas Ponn , Fabian Müller , Frank Diermeyer

Data scarcity is a bottleneck to machine learning-based perception modules, usually tackled by augmenting real data with synthetic data from simulators. Realistic models of the vehicle perception sensors are hard to formulate in closed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-03 Ahmad El Sallab , Ibrahim Sobh , Mohamed Zahran , Mohamed Shawky

Most existing perception systems rely on sensory data acquired from cameras, which perform poorly in low light and adverse weather conditions. To resolve this limitation, we have witnessed advanced LiDAR sensors become popular in perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Aotian Wu , Pan He , Xiao Li , Ke Chen , Sanjay Ranka , Anand Rangarajan