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To meet strict Service-Level Objectives (SLOs),contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs) decouple the prefill and decoding stages and place them on separate GPUs to mitigate the distinct bottlenecks inherent to each phase. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Junhan Liao , Minxian Xu , Wanyi Zheng , Yan Wang , Kejiang Ye , Rajkumar Buyya , Chengzhong Xu

Diffusion transformers have demonstrated remarkable generation quality, albeit requiring longer training iterations and numerous inference steps. In each denoising step, diffusion transformers encode the noisy inputs to extract the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Shuai Wang , Zhi Tian , Weilin Huang , Limin Wang

Existing works on large language model (LLM) decomposition mainly focus on improving performance on downstream tasks, but they ignore the poor parallel inference performance when trying to scale up the model size. To mitigate this important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 You-Liang Huang , Xinhao Huang , Chengxi Liao , Zeyi Wen

We propose "Generative Fusion Decoding" (GFD), a novel shallow fusion framework designed to integrate large language models (LLMs) into cross-modal text recognition systems for automatic speech recognition (ASR) and optical character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Chan-Jan Hsu , Yi-Chang Chen , Feng-Ting Liao , Pei-Chen Ho , Yu-Hsiang Wang , Po-Chun Hsu , Da-shan Shiu

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to Autoregressive models, designed for fast parallel generation. However, existing DLLMs are plagued by a severe quality-speed trade-off, where faster parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Feng Hong , Geng Yu , Yushi Ye , Haicheng Huang , Huangjie Zheng , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Jiangchao Yao

Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) offer a principled approach to solving challenging partial differential equations (PDE) such as turbulent flows. At the core of FNO is a spectral layer that leverages a discretization-convergent representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Robert Joseph George , Jiawei Zhao , Jean Kossaifi , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar

Mixture of experts has emerged as the primary mechanism for making Large Language Models (LLMs) computationally efficient. However, in distributed settings, communicating token embeddings between experts is a significant bottleneck. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Muhammad Shahir Abdurrahman , Chun Deng , Azalia Mirhoseini , Philip Levis

Federated learning (FL) enables on-device training over distributed networks consisting of a massive amount of modern smart devices, such as smartphones and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. However, the leading optimization algorithm in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xin Yao , Tianchi Huang , Chenglei Wu , Rui-Xiao Zhang , Lifeng Sun

Language models are increasingly adopting smaller architectures optimized for consumer devices. In this setting, inference efficiency is the primary constraint. Meanwhile, vocabulary sizes continue to grow rapidly, making the classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Wilhelm Tranheden , Shahnawaz Ahmed , Devdatt Dubhashi , Jonna Matthiesen , Hannes von Essen

While Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) relying on token masking and unmasking have shown promise in language modeling, their computational efficiency and generation flexibility remain constrained by the masking paradigm. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Fangyu Ding , Ding Ding , Sijin Chen , Kaibo Wang , Peng Xu , Zijin Feng , Haoli Bai , Kai Han , Youliang Yan , Binhang Yuan , Jiacheng Sun

We present Future-KL Influenced Policy Optimization (FIPO), a reinforcement learning algorithm designed to overcome reasoning bottlenecks in large language models. While GRPO style training scales effectively, it typically relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chiyu Ma , Shuo Yang , Kexin Huang , Jinda Lu , Haoming Meng , Shangshang Wang , Bolin Ding , Soroush Vosoughi , Guoyin Wang , Jingren Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across large-scale distributed service nodes while preserving data privacy, making it a cornerstone of intelligent service systems in edge-cloud environments. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhiwei Ling , Hailiang Zhao , Chao Zhang , Xiang Ao , Ziqi Wang , Cheng Zhang , Zhen Qin , Xinkui Zhao , Kingsum Chow , Yuanqing Wu , MengChu Zhou

Recently, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable effectiveness for multi-modal tasks due to their abilities to generate and understand cross-modal data. However, processing long sequences of visual tokens extracted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Haicheng Wang , Zhemeng Yu , Gabriele Spadaro , Chen Ju , Victor Quétu , Shuai Xiao , Enzo Tartaglione

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs, leveraging denoising-based generation to enable inherent parallelism. Even more and more open-sourced dLLM models emerge, yet…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have intensified efforts to fuse heterogeneous open-source models into a unified system that inherits their complementary strengths. Existing logit-based fusion methods maintain inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yuanyi Wang , Zhaoyi Yan , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhou , Yanggan Gu , Fei Wu , Hongxia Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive reasoning abilities on a wide range of complex tasks. However, enhancing these capabilities through post-training remains resource intensive, particularly in terms of data and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shuo Cai , Su Lu , Qi Zhou , Kejing Yang , Zhijie Sang , Congkai Xie , Hongxia Yang

Federated learning (FL) is a promising paradigm to enable collaborative model training with decentralized data. However, the training process of Large Language Models (LLMs) generally incurs the update of significant parameters, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Tianshi Che , Ji Liu , Yang Zhou , Jiaxiang Ren , Jiwen Zhou , Victor S. Sheng , Huaiyu Dai , Dejing Dou

Large language models have demonstrated exceptional capability in natural language understanding and generation. However, their generation speed is limited by the inherently sequential nature of their decoding process, posing challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Chenxi Sun , Hongzhi Zhang , Zijia Lin , Jingyuan Zhang , Fuzheng Zhang , Zhongyuan Wang , Bin Chen , Chengru Song , Di Zhang , Kun Gai , Deyi Xiong

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) achieve impressive performance, yet their internal decision-making processes remain opaque, making it difficult to determine if the success stems from true multimodal fusion or from reliance on unimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Lixin Xiu , Xufang Luo , Hideki Nakayama

Diffusion models have been widely used for conditional data cross-modal generation tasks such as text-to-image and text-to-video. However, state-of-the-art models still fail to align the generated visual concepts with high-level semantics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zizhao Hu , Shaochong Jia , Mohammad Rostami