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Safe and smooth interacting with other vehicles is one of the ultimate goals of driving automation. However, recent reports of demonstrative deployments of automated vehicles (AVs) indicate that AVs are still difficult to meet the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-11 Daofei Li , Ao Liu , Hao Pan , Wentao Chen

Generating adversarial safety-critical scenarios is a pivotal method for testing autonomous driving systems, as it identifies potential weaknesses and enhances system robustness and reliability. However, existing approaches predominantly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yukuan Yang , Xucheng Lu , Zhili Zhang , Zepeng Wu , Guoqi Li , Lingzhong Meng , Yunzhi Xue

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) are increasingly deployed in real traffic, yet testing remains fundamentally challenging due to open environments, complex scenarios, and the lack of established processes and metrics. Despite extensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Qunying Song , Ali Nouri , Håkan Sivencrona , Federica Sarro

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) perception systems require more than simply seeing, via e.g., object detection or scene segmentation. They need a holistic understanding of what is happening within the scene for safe interaction with other road…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Salman Khan , Izzeddin Teeti , Reza Javanmard Alitappeh , Mihaela C. Stoian , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Gurkirt Singh , Andrew Bradley , Fabio Cuzzolin

Autonomous vehicles (AV) look set to become common on our roads within the next few years. However, to achieve the final breakthrough, not only functional progress is required, but also satisfactory safety assurance must be provided. Among…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini , Cornelius Buerkle , Fabian Oboril , Michael Paulitsch

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) have made huge progress and started on-road testing or even commercializing trials. ADS are complex and difficult to test: they receive input data from multiple sensors and make decisions using a combination…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Tri Minh Triet Pham , Bo Yang , Jinqiu Yang

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong understanding of driving scenes, drawing interest in their application to autonomous driving. However, high-level reasoning in safety-critical scenarios,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Seungjun Yu , Seonho Lee , Namho Kim , Jaeyo Shin , Junsung Park , Wonjeong Ryu , Raehyuk Jung , Hyunjung Shim

Drivers are becoming increasingly reliant on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) as autonomous driving technology becomes more popular and developed with advanced safety features to enhance road safety. However, the increasing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Cheng Chen , Grant Xiao , Daehyun Lee , Lishan Yang , Evgenia Smirni , Homa Alemzadeh , Xugui Zhou

Simulation-based testing is crucial for validating autonomous vehicles (AVs), yet existing scenario generation methods either overfit to common driving patterns or operate in an offline, non-interactive manner that fails to expose rare,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yuewen Mei , Tong Nie , Jian Sun , Ye Tian

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are capable of sensing the environment and making driving decisions autonomously. These systems are safety-critical, and testing them is one of the important approaches to ensure their safety. However, due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chengjie Lu , Tao Yue , Man Zhang , Shaukat Ali

The field of high-speed autonomous racing has seen significant advances in recent years, with the rise of competitions such as RoboRace and the Indy Autonomous Challenge providing a platform for researchers to develop software stacks for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Aron Harder , Amar Kulkarni , Madhur Behl

This research paper delves into the field of autonomous vehicle technology, examining the vulnerabilities inherent in each component of these transformative vehicles. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are revolutionizing transportation by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Ian Alexis Wong Paz , Anuvinda Balan , Sebastian Campos , Ehud Orenstain , Sudip Dhakal

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) aim to improve traffic safety and efficiency by reducing human error. However, ensuring AVs reliability and safety is a challenging task when rare, high-risk traffic scenarios are considered. These 'Corner Cases'…

The safety of Automated Vehicles (AVs) must be assured before their release and deployment. The current approach to evaluation relies primarily on (i) testing AVs on public roads or (ii) track testing with scenarios defined in a test…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Ding Zhao , Xianan Huang , Huei Peng , Henry Lam , David J. LeBlanc

The continual assurance of safety and performance of automated driving systems (ADSs) poses significant challenges. ADSs operate in complex, dynamic, open-world environments allowing a wide range of scenarios, including ones that are rare…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Bastian Lampe , Lutz Eckstein

Autonomous Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) rely on extensive testing to ensure safety and reliability, yet road scenario datasets often contain redundant cases that slow down the testing process without improving fault detection. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Qurban Ali , Andrea Stocco , Leonardo Mariani , Oliviero Riganelli

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles requires virtual scenario-based testing, which depends on the robust evaluation and generation of safety-critical scenarios. So far, researchers have used scenario-based testing frameworks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Amr Alanwar , Johannes Betz

Testing Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS), such as lane-keeping functions, requires creating road topologies or using predefined benchmarks. However, the test cases in existing ADAS benchmarks are often designed in specific formats…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Qurban Ali , Andrea Stocco , Leonardo Mariani , Oliviero Riganelli

The scenario-based testing of operational vehicle safety presents a set of principal other vehicle (POV) trajectories that seek to force the subject vehicle (SV) into a certain safety-critical situation. Current scenarios are mostly (i)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Linda Capito , Bowen Weng , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill