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Optimal transport (OT) theory provides powerful tools to compare probability measures. However, OT is limited to nonnegative measures having the same mass, and suffers serious drawbacks about its computation and statistics. This leads to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-26 Tam Le , Truyen Nguyen

We propose a novel amortized optimization method for predicting optimal transport (OT) plans across multiple pairs of measures by leveraging Kantorovich potentials derived from sliced OT. We introduce two amortization strategies:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-17 Minh-Phuc Truong , Khai Nguyen

Optimal transport (OT) and unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) are central in many machine learning, statistics and engineering applications. 1D OT is easily solved, with complexity O(n log n), but no efficient algorithm was known for 1D…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Gabriel Gouvine

Optimal Transport (OT) has attracted significant interest in the machine learning community, not only for its ability to define meaningful distances between probability distributions -- such as the Wasserstein distance -- but also for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Laetitia Chapel , Romain Tavenard , Samuel Vaiter

Optimal Transport (OT) is a resource allocation problem with applications in biology, data science, economics and statistics, among others. In some of the applications, practitioners have access to samples which approximate the continuous…

We consider statistical learning problems in which data are observed as a set of probability measures. Optimal transport (OT) is a popular tool to compare and manipulate such objects, but its computational cost becomes prohibitive when the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-24 Erell Gachon , Elsa Cazelles , Jérémie Bigot

In machine learning, Optimal Transport (OT) theory is extensively utilized to compare probability distributions across various applications, such as graph data represented by node distributions and image data represented by pixel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jianming Huang , Xun Su , Zhongxi Fang , Hiroyuki Kasai

Optimal transport (OT) measures distances between distributions in a way that depends on the geometry of the sample space. In light of recent advances in computational OT, OT distances are widely used as loss functions in machine learning.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-22 Debarghya Mukherjee , Aritra Guha , Justin Solomon , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

Optimal transport (OT) based data analysis is often faced with the issue that the underlying cost function is (partially) unknown. This paper is concerned with the derivation of distributional limits for the empirical OT value when the cost…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Shayan Hundrieser , Gilles Mordant , Christoph Alexander Weitkamp , Axel Munk

The objective in statistical Optimal Transport (OT) is to consistently estimate the optimal transport plan/map solely using samples from the given source and target marginal distributions. This work takes the novel approach of posing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 J. Saketha Nath , Pratik Jawanpuria

Efficient comparison of spherical probability distributions becomes important in fields such as computer vision, geosciences, and medicine. Sliced optimal transport distances, such as spherical and stereographic spherical sliced Wasserstein…

Given a $d$-dimensional continuous (resp. discrete) probability distribution $\mu$ and a discrete distribution $\nu$, the semi-discrete (resp. discrete) Optimal Transport (OT) problem asks for computing a minimum-cost plan to transport mass…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Pankaj K. Agarwal , Sharath Raghvendra , Pouyan Shirzadian , Keegan Yao

Optimal transport (OT) finds a least cost transport plan between two probability distributions using a cost matrix defined on pairs of points. Unlike standard OT, which infers unstructured pointwise mappings, low-rank optimal transport…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Henri Schmidt , Peter Halmos , Ben Raphael

The optimal transport (OT) problem is a classical optimization problem having the form of linear programming. Machine learning applications put forward new computational challenges in its solution. In particular, the OT problem defines a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Nazarii Tupitsa , Pavel Dvurechensky , Darina Dvinskikh , Alexander Gasnikov

Optimal Transport (OT) problem aims to find a transport plan that bridges two distributions while minimizing a given cost function. OT theory has been widely utilized in generative modeling. In the beginning, OT distance has been used as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Jaemoo Choi , Jaewoong Choi , Myungjoo Kang

Computing optimal transport (OT) for general high-dimensional data has been a long-standing challenge. Despite much progress, most of the efforts including neural network methods have been focused on the static formulation of the OT…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-12 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Inverse optimal transport (OT) refers to the problem of learning the cost function for OT from observed transport plan or its samples. In this paper, we derive an unconstrained convex optimization formulation of the inverse OT problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Shaojun Ma , Haodong Sun , Xiaojing Ye , Hongyuan Zha , Haomin Zhou

We develop a fast and reliable method for solving large-scale optimal transport (OT) problems at an unprecedented combination of speed and accuracy. Built on the celebrated Douglas-Rachford splitting technique, our method tackles the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-25 Vien V. Mai , Jacob Lindbäck , Mikael Johansson

We introduce sliced optimal transport dataset distance (s-OTDD), a model-agnostic, embedding-agnostic approach for dataset comparison that requires no training, is robust to variations in the number of classes, and can handle disjoint label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Khai Nguyen , Hai Nguyen , Tuan Pham , Nhat Ho

Optimal transport (OT) compares probability distributions by computing a meaningful alignment between their samples. CO-optimal transport (COOT) takes this comparison further by inferring an alignment between features as well. While this…