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We study the effect of surface gravity waves on the motion of inertial particles in an incompressible fluid. Using the multiple-scale technique, we perform an analytical calculation which allows us to predict the dynamics of such particles;…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-01-25 G. Boffetta , M. Martins Afonso , A. Mazzino , M. Onorato , F. Santamaria

Classical Stokes' drift is the small time-averaged drift velocity of suspended non-diffusing particles in a fluid due to the presence of a wave. We consider the effect of adding diffusion to the motion of the particles, and show in…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Kalvis M. Jansons , G. D. Lythe

In periodic wave motion, particles beneath the wave undergo a drift in the direction of wave propagation, a phenomenon known as Stokes drift. While extensive research has been conducted on Stokes drift in water wave flows, its counterpart…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-18 Luiz P. Palacio , Marcelo V. Flamarion , Tao Gao , Roberto Ribeiro-Jr

By providing mathematical estimates, this paper answers a fundamental question -- "what leads to Stokes drift"? Although overwhelmingly understood for water waves, Stokes drift is a generic mechanism that stems from kinematics and occurs in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-02-27 Anirban Guha , Akanksha Gupta

Stokes drift has been as central to the history of wave theory as it has been distressingly absent from experiment. Neither wave tanks nor experiments in open bodies detect this without nearly canceling "eulerian flows." Acoustic waves have…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-12-15 Clifford Chafin

The goal of this work is to investigate particle motions beneath unidirectional, deep-water waves up to the third-order in nonlinearity. A particular focus is on the approximation known as Stokes drift, and how it relates to the particle…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-22 Raphael Stuhlmeier

Finite-amplitude gravity waves at the air-water interface induce net fluid and particle transport, known as Stokes drift. While this mechanism is well understood for steady waves, transport under unsteady, evolving conditions remains poorly…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-29 Tatsuo Izawa , Giulio Foggi Rota , Alessandro Chiarini , Marco Edoardo Rosti

In Stokes flows, symmetry considerations dictate that a neutrally-buoyant spherical particle will not migrate laterally with respect to the local flow direction. We show that a loss of symmetry due to flow-induced surfactant redistribution…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2011-03-30 James A. Hanna , Petia M. Vlahovska

Stochastic Stokes' drift and hypersensitive transport driven by dichotomous noise are theoretically investigated. Explicit mathematical expressions for the asymptotic probability density and drift velocity are derived including the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. Bena , R. Kawai , C. Van den Broeck , Katja Lindenberg

A linear defect, viz. an elastic string, diffusing on a planar substrate traversed by a travelling wave experiences a drag known as Stokes' drift. In the limit of an infinitely long string, such a mechanism is shown to be characterized by a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 F. Marchesoni , M. Borromeo

We consider both the effect of particle inertia on stochastic Stokes' drift, and also a related process which could be considered as a crude model of stochastic Stokes' drift driven by an eddy diffusivity. In the latter, the stochastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-11-11 Kalvis M. Jansons

In this study, a new set of fifth-order Stokes wave solutions, incorporating the effects of a linear shear current, is derived by utilizing the perturbation method originally proposed for pure waves that was recently published. The present…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-08-08 Haiqi Fang , Philip L. -F. Liu , Lian Tang , Pengzhi Lin

The main motivation of this work is the quantitative prediction and description of particle manipulation (displacement across streamlines) in microfluidic flow. Much attention has been paid recently to placing particles in fast oscillatory…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-24 Xuchen Liu

We study the drift of suspended micro-particles in a viscous liquid pumped back and forth through a periodic lattice of pores (drift ratchet). In order to explain the particle drift observed in such an experiment, we present an…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2012-05-22 Philippe Beltrame , Peter Talkner , Peter Hänggi

We investigate the all-penetrating drift velocities, due to surface wave motion in an effectively inviscid fluid that overlies a saturated porous bed of finite depth. Previous work in this area either neglects the large-scale flow between…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-08-05 Joseph J. Webber , Herbert E. Huppert

Periodic travelling waves at the free surface of an incompressible inviscid fluid in two dimensions under gravity are numerically computed for an arbitrary vorticity distribution. The fluid domain over one period is conformally mapped from…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-26 Alex Doak , Vera Mikyoung Hur , Jean-Marc Vanden-Broeck

The particle trajectories in irrotational, incompressible and inviscid deep-water surface gravity waves are open, leading to a net drift in the direction of wave propagation commonly referred to as the Stokes Drift, which is responsible for…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-11 Aidan Blaser , Raphaël Benamran , A. Bia Villas Bôas , Luc Lenain , Nick Pizzo

In this paper, we establish the existence of Stokes waves with piecewise smooth vorticity in a two-dimensional, infinitely deep fluid domain. These waves represent traveling water waves propagating over sheared currents in a semi-infinite…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Changfeng Gui , Jun Wang , Wen Yang , Yong Zhang

Small heavy particles in a fluid flow respond to the flow on a time-scale proportional to their inertia, or Stokes number St. Their behaviour is thought to be gradually modified as St increases. We show, in the steady spatially-periodic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-04-20 Anu V. S. Nath , Anubhab Roy , S. Ravichandran , Rama Govindarajan

The Stokes equation describes the motion of fluids when inertial forces are negligible compared to viscous forces. In this article, we explore the consequence of parity-violating and non-dissipative (i.e. odd) viscosities on Stokes flows in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-02-01 Tali Khain , Colin Scheibner , Michel Fruchart , Vincenzo Vitelli
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