Related papers: Relationship between Vieta-Lucas polynomials and L…

We give elementary proofs of some congruence criteria to compute binomial coefficients in modulo a prime. These criteria are analogues to the symmetry property of binomial coefficients. We give extended version of Lucas Theorem by using…

For $n=0,1,2,\ldots$ let $W_n=\sum_{k=0}^{[n/3]}\binom{2k}k \binom{3k}k\binom n{3k}(-3)^{n-3k}$, where $[x]$ is the greatest integer not exceeding $x$. Then $\{W_n\}$ is an Ap\'ery-like sequence. In this paper we deduce many congruences…

Using a method we have utilized previously, namely through a finite power series expansion which also sometimes is known as the "radix polynomial" representation of an integer, we find an upper bound for a van der Waerden number that has a…

Orthogonal polynomials of degree $n$ with respect to the weight function $W_\mu(x) = (1-\|x\|^2)^\mu$ on the unit ball in $\RR^d$ are known to satisfy the partial differential equation $$ [ \Delta - \la x, \nabla \ra^2 - (2 \mu +d) \la x,…

We observe that a sequence satisfies Lucas congruences modulo $p$ if and only if its values modulo $p$ can be described by a linear $p$-scheme, as introduced by Rowland and Zeilberger, with a single state. This simple observation suggests…

We consider semiclassical orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle associated with a weight function that satisfy a Pearson-type differential equation involving two polynomials of degree at most three. Structure relations and difference…

Let $f(x)\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$ be a nonconstant polynomial. Let $n, k$ and $c$ be integers such that $n\ge 1$ and $k\ge 2$. An integer $a$ is called an $f$-exunit in the ring $\mathbb{Z}_n$ of residue classes modulo $n$ if $\gcd(f(a),n)=1$. In…

A second order polynomial sequence is of Fibonacci-type $\mathcal{F}_{n}$ (Lucas-type $\mathcal{L}_{n}$) if its Binet formula has a structure similar to that for Fibonacci (Lucas) numbers. Under certain conditions these polynomials are…

In this paper, we exhibit explicitly a sequence of $2\times2$ matrix valued orthogonal polynomials with respect to a weight $W_{p,n}$, for any pair of real numbers $p$ and $n$ such that $0<p<n$. The entries of these polynomiales are…

In the present paper we obtain new upper bound estimates for the number of solutions of the congruence $$ x\equiv y r\pmod p;\quad x,y\in \mathbb{N},\quad x,y\le H,\quad r\in\cU, $$ for certain ranges of $H$ and $|\cU|$, where $\cU$ is a…

Many combinatorial sequences (for example, the Catalan and Motzkin numbers) may be expressed as the constant term of $P(x)^k Q(x)$, for some Laurent polynomials $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ in the variable $x$ with integer coefficients. Denoting such…

Given $\{P_n \}$ a sequence of monic orthogonal polynomials, we analyze their linear combinations $\{Q_n \}$with constant coefficients and fixed length $k+1$. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the orthogonality of the monic…

The coefficients of the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials $P_{v,w}(q)$ are nonnegative integers that are upper semicontinuous on Bruhat order. Conjecturally, the same properties hold for $h$-polynomials $H_{v,w}(q)$ of local rings of Schubert…

Let $b,n\in \mathbb{Z}$, $n\geq 1$, and ${\cal D}_1, \ldots, {\cal D}_{\tau(n)}$ be all positive divisors of $n$. For $1\leq l \leq \tau(n)$, define ${\cal C}_l:=\lbrace 1 \leqslant x\leqslant n \; : \; (x,n)={\cal D}_l\rbrace$. In this…

We investigate the zeros of polynomial solutions to the differential-difference equation \[ P_{n+1}(x)=A_{n}(x)P_{n}^{\prime}(x)+B_{n}(x)P_{n}(x), n=0,1,... \] where $A_{n}$ and $B_{n}$ are polynomials of degree at most 2 and 1…

In 1878 \'E. Lucas proved a remarkable result which provides a simple way to compute the binomial coefficient ${n\choose m}$ modulo a prime $p$ in terms of the binomial coefficients of the base-$p$ digits of $n$ and $m$: {\it If $p$ is a…

For Lucas sequences of the first kind (u_n) and second kind (v_n) defined as usual for positive n by u_n=(a^n-b^n)/(a-b), v_n=a^n+b^n, where a and b are either integers or conjugate quadratic integers, we describe the set of indices n for…

Linear recursions of degree $k$ are determined by evaluating the sequence of Generalized Fibonacci Polynomials, $\{F_{k,n}(t_1,...,t_k)\}$ (isobaric reflects of the complete symmetric polynomials) at the integer vectors $(t_1,...,t_k)$. If…

In this paper, we study Eulerian polynomials for permutations and signed permutations of the multiset $\{1,1,2,2,\ldots,n,n\}$. Properties of these polynomials, including recurrence relations and unimodality are discussed. In particular, we…

We state a kind of Euclidian division theorem: given a polynomial P(x) and a divisor d of the degree of P, there exist polynomials h(x),Q(x),R(x) such that P(x) = h(Q(x)) +R(x), with deg h=d. Under some conditions h,Q,R are unique, and Q is…