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Indoor environments present a significant challenge for wireless connectivity, as immense data demand strains traditional solutions. Public Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), utilizing outdoor macro base stations (BSs), suffer from poor…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Joshua Roy Palathinkal , Muhammad Iqbal Rochman , Vanlin Sathya , Mehmet Yavuz , Monisha Ghosh

The current development of 5G networks represents a breakthrough in the design of communication networks, for its ability to provide a single platform enabling a variety of different services, from enhanced mobile broadband communications,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Emilio Calvanese Strinati , Sergio Barbarossa , José Luis Gonzalez-Jimenez , Dimitri Kténas , Nicolas Cassiau , Cédric Dehos

TeraHertz (THz) communications are envisioned as a promising technology, owing to its unprecedented multi-GHz bandwidth. One fundamental challenge when moving to new spectrum is to understand the science of radio propagation and develop an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Yi Chen , Yuanbo Li , Chong Han , Ziming Yu , Guangjian Wang

Indoor high-capacity connectivity is frequently constrained by significant building penetration loss and the inherent uplink power limitations of a typical outdoor macro-cell deployment. While Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) must optimize…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Roy Palathinkal , Muhammad Iqbal Rochman , Vanlin Sathya , Mehmet Yavuz , Monisha Ghosh

Terahertz (THz) communication is a key enabler for 6G systems, offering ultra-wide bandwidth and unprecedented data rates. However, THz signal propagation differs significantly from lower-frequency bands due to severe free space path loss,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 John Song , Lihao Zhang , Feng Ye , Haijian Sun

A node equipped with a multi-beam antenna can achieve a throughput of up to m times as compared to a single-beam antenna, by simultaneously communicating on its m non-interfering beams. However, the existing multi-beam medium access control…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Shivam Garg , Nandini Venkatraman , Elizabeth Serena Bentley , Sunil Kumar

With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates, the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz (THz) range has significantly increased. For long-distance outdoor wireless communications, THz…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Jianjun Ma , Yuheng Song , Mingxia Zhang , Guohao Liu , Weiming Li , John F. Federici , Daniel M. Mittleman

Although millimeter wave (mmWave) systems promise to offer larger bandwidth and unprecedented peak data rates, their practical implementation faces several hardware challenges compared to sub-6 GHz communication systems. These hardware…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Xi Yang , Michail Matthaiou , Jie Yang , Chao-Kai Wen , Feifei Gao , Shi Jin

The sixth generation (6G) wireless communication nowadays is seeking a new spectrum to inherit the pros and discard the cons of sub-6 GHz, millimeter-wave (mmWave), and sub-terahertz (THz) bands. To this end, an upper mid-band with a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Zhuangzhuang Cui , Peize Zhang , Sofie Pollin

Millimeter Waves (mmW) and sub-THz frequencies are the candidate bands for the upcoming Sixth Generation (6G) of communication systems. The use of collimated beams at mmW/sub-THz to compensate for the increased path and penetration loss…

Future wireless networks are expected to provide high bandwidth multimedia services in extended areas with homogeneous Quality of Service (QoS) levels. Conventional cellular architectures might not be able to satisfy these requirements due…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-02-02 J. Gozalvez , B. Coll-Perales

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication has led to immense enhancements in data rates and efficient spectrum management. The evolution of MIMO, though, has been accompanied by increased hardware complexity and array sizes,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Miguel Rodrigo Castellanos , Siyun Yang , Chan-Byoung Chae , Robert W. Heath

The exploitation of already deployed wireless local area networks (WLAN)s (e.g., WiFi access points (AP)s) has attracted considerable attention, as an efficient and practical method to improve the performance of beyond 4G wireless networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Petros S. Bithas , Athanasios S. Lioumpas

The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band is seen as a key enabler of multi-gigabit wireless access in future cellular networks. In order to overcome the propagation challenges, mmWave systems use a large number of antenna elements both…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-14 Hossein Shokri-Ghadikolaei , Carlo Fischione , Gabor Fodor , Petar Popovski , Michele Zorzi

The spectrum-rich millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies have the potential to alleviate the spectrum crunch that the wireless and cellular operators are already experiencing. However, compared with traditional wireless communication in the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Chanaka Samarathunga , Mohamed Abouelseoud , Kazuyuki Sakoda , Morteza Hashemi

In 5G networks, base station (BS) disaggregation and new services present challenges in radio access network (RAN) configuration, particularly in meeting their bandwidth and latency constraints. The BS disaggregation is enabled by…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Gabriela N. Caspa H. , Carlos A. Astudillo , Nelson L. S. da Fonseca

Next generation wireless networks require massive uplink connections as well as high spectral efficiency. It is well known that, theoretically, it is not possible to achieve the sum capacity of multi-user communications with orthogonal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Hyunsoo Kim , Yeon-Geun Lim , Chan-Byoung Chae , Daesik Hong

This paper presents a new system model to evaluate the capacity and power consumption of multi-layer 6G networks utilising the upper mid-band (FR3). The model captures heterogeneous 4G, 5G, and 6G deployments, analyzing their performance…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 David López-Pérez , Nicola Piovesan , Giovanni Geraci

Terahertz communication is emerging as a future technology to support Terabits per second link with highlighting features as high throughput and negligible latency. However, the unique features of the Terahertz band such as high path loss,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Saim Ghafoor , Noureddine Boujnah , Mubashir Husain Rehmani , Alan Davy

In the millimeter wave (30-300 GHz) and Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) frequency bands, high spreading loss and molecular absorption often limit the signal transmission distance and coverage range. In this paper, four directions to tackle the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-14 Ian F. Akyildiz , Chong Han , Shuai Nie