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Neural operators have emerged as powerful surrogates for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their ability to handle general, highly variable boundary conditions (BCs) remains limited. Existing approaches often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sepehr Mousavi , Siddhartha Mishra , Laura De Lorenzis

Recently deep learning surrogates and neural operators have shown promise in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, they often require a large amount of training data and are limited to bounded domains. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Zhiwei Fang , Sifan Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Boundary conditions (BCs) are a key component in every Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN). By defining the solution to partial differential equations (PDEs) along domain boundaries, BCs constrain the underlying boundary value problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Sebastian Barschkis

Since their advent nearly a decade ago, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been studied extensively as a novel technique for solving forward and inverse problems in physics and engineering. The neural network discretization of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Conor Rowan , Kai Hampleman , Kurt Maute , Alireza Doostan

This article explores operator learning models that can deduce solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary domains without requiring retraining. We introduce two innovative models rooted in boundary integral equations…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-06-05 Bin Meng , Yutong Lu , Ying Jiang

Elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) are a major class of time-independent PDEs that play a key role in many scientific and engineering domains such as fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and solid mechanics. Recently, neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Haixin Wang , Jiaxin Li , Anubhav Dwivedi , Kentaro Hara , Tailin Wu

The traditional limitations of neural networks in reliably generalizing beyond the convex hulls of their training data present a significant problem for computational physics, in which one often wishes to solve PDEs in regimes far beyond…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jonathan Gorard , Ammar Hakim , James Juno

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is the canonical approach for understanding the behavior of physical systems. However, large scale solutions of PDEs using state of the art discretization techniques remains an expensive…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Xiaoxuan Zhang , Krishna Garikipati

For linear partial differential equations with known fundamental solutions, this work introduces a novel operator learning framework that relies exclusively on domain boundary data, including solution values and normal derivatives, rather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Haochen Wu , Heng Wu , Benzhuo Lu

Neural operators have been validated as promising deep surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Despite the critical role of boundary conditions in PDEs, however, only a limited number of neural operators robustly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Ziyuan Liu , Yuhang Wu , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Hong Zhang , Xu Qian , Songhe Song

Machine-learning based methods like physics-informed neural networks and physics-informed neural operators are becoming increasingly adept at solving even complex systems of partial differential equations. Boundary conditions can be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Niklas Göschel , Sebastian Götschel , Daniel Ruprecht

We present a unified hard-constraint framework for solving geometrically complex PDEs with neural networks, where the most commonly used Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin boundary conditions (BCs) are considered. Specifically, we first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Songming Liu , Zhongkai Hao , Chengyang Ying , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Ze Cheng

By learning the mappings between infinite function spaces using carefully designed neural networks, the operator learning methodology has exhibited significantly more efficiency than traditional methods in solving complex problems such as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-06 Ziyuan Liu , Haifeng Wang , Hong Zhang , Kaijuna Bao , Xu Qian , Songhe Song

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are central to modeling complex systems across physical, biological, and engineering domains, yet traditional numerical methods often struggle with high-dimensional or complex problems. Physics-Informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Chenggong Zhang

Neural operators have emerged as promising surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but struggle to generalise beyond training distributions and are often constrained to a fixed temporal discretisation. This work…

We propose a method combining boundary integral equations and neural networks (BINet) to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) in both bounded and unbounded domains. Unlike existing solutions that directly operate over original PDEs,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Guochang Lin , Pipi Hu , Fukai Chen , Xiang Chen , Junqing Chen , Jun Wang , Zuoqiang Shi

We present a novel framework combining Deep Operator Networks (DeepONets) with Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) and estimate their unknown parameters. By integrating data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Amogh Raj , Carol Eunice Gudumotou , Sakol Bun , Keerthana Srinivasa , Arash Sarshar

Current physics-informed (standard or deep operator) neural networks still rely on accurately learning the initial and/or boundary conditions of the system of differential equations they are solving. In contrast, standard numerical methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rüdiger Brecht , Dmytro R. Popovych , Alex Bihlo , Roman O. Popovych

In this paper, we make the first attempt to apply the boundary integrated neural networks (BINNs) for the numerical solution of two-dimensional (2D) elastostatic and piezoelectric problems. BINNs combine artificial neural networks with the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Peijun Zhang , Chuanzeng Zhang , Yan Gu , Wenzhen Qu , Shengdong Zhao

The physical world dynamics are generally governed by underlying partial differential equations (PDEs) with unknown analytical forms in science and engineering problems. Neural network based data-driven approaches have been heavily studied…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-26 Hanjiang Hu , Changliu Liu
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