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Nonneutral plasmas can be trapped for long times by means of combined electric and magnetic fields. Adiabatic cooling is achieved by slowly decreasing the trapping frequency and letting the plasma occupy a larger volume. We develop a fully…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Giovanni Manfredi , Paul-Antoine Hervieux

We demonstrate the possiblity to cool nanoelectronic systems in nonequilibrium situations by increasing the temperature of the environment. Such cooling by heating is possible for a variety of experimental conditions where the relevant…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 R. Härtle , C. Schinabeck , M. Kulkarni , D. Gelbwaser-Klimovsky , M. Thoss , U. Peskin

While electron kinetic effects are well known to be of fundamental importance in several situations, the electron mean-flow inertia is often neglected when lengthscales below the electron skin depth become irrelevant. This has led to the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2017-06-13 Enrico Camporeale , Cesare Tronci

Context: Solar flares accelerate electrons, creating non-thermal energy distributions. However, the acceleration sites and dominant acceleration mechanisms remain largely unknown. Aims: We study the characteristics of electron acceleration…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Eilif S. Øyre , Boris V. Gudiksen , Lyndsay Fletcher

This research was motivated by the recent observations indicating very strong magnetic fields at some supernova remnant shocks, which suggests in-situ generation of magnetic turbulence. The dissertation presents a numerical model of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-04-27 Andrey Vladimirov

In this paper the dominant effect of electron inertia on the dynamics of localized density excitations is studied in a quantum plasma in the presence of electron spin effects. Using the quantum magnetohydrodynamics (QMHD) model including…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 M. Akbari-Moghanjoughi

A solid-state cooling principle based on magnetic-field-driven tunable suppression of Andreev reflection in superconductor/two-dimensional electron gas nanostructures is proposed. This cooling mechanism can lead to very large heat fluxes…

Superconductivity · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Giazotto , F. Taddei , M. Governale , C. Castellana , R. Fazio , F. Beltram

We study the effects of the coupling between magnetization dynamics and the electronic degrees of freedom in a heterostructure of a metallic nanomagnet with dynamic magnetization coupled with a superconductor containing a steady…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-09-18 Risto Ojajärvi , Juuso Manninen , Tero T. Heikkilä , Pauli Virtanen

Electron acceleration to non-thermal energies in low Mach number (M<5) shocks is revealed by radio and X-ray observations of galaxy clusters and solar flares, but the electron acceleration mechanism remains poorly understood. Diffusive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-10-14 Xinyi Guo , Lorenzo Sironi , Ramesh Narayan

The interplay of kinetic electron physics and atomic processes in ultrashort laser-plasma interactions provides a comprehensive understanding of electron energy distribution's impact on plasma properties. Notably, non-equilibrium electrons…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-03-27 M. S. Cho , H. -K. Chung , M. E. Foord , S. B. Libby , B. I. Cho

Plasma flow and acceleration in the converging-diverging magnetic field configuration, such as magnetic nozzle in electric propulsion and open magnetic mirrors for fusion applications are considered. This work analyses plasma acceleration…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 A. I. Smolyakov , A. Sabo , S. I. Krasheninnikov , P. N. Yushmanov

Energetic electrons are of interest in many types of plasmas, however previous modeling of their properties has been restricted to the use of linear Fokker-Planck collision operators or non-relativistic formulations. Here, we describe a…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-11-28 A. Stahl , M. Landreman , O. Embréus , T. Fülöp

New computational tools are essential for accurate modeling and simulation of the next generation of muon-based accelerators. One of the crucial physics processes specific to muon accelerators that has not yet been simulated in detail is…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 James Ellison , Pavel Snopok

Nanomechanical resonators are used with great success to couple mechanical motion to other degrees of freedom, such as photons, spins, and electrons. Mechanical vibrations can be efficiently cooled and amplified using photons, but not with…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-08-24 C. Urgell , W. Yang , S. L. de Bonis , C. Samanta , M. J. Esplandiu , Q. Dong , Y. Jin , A. Bachtold

We observe that high-Q electromagnetic cavity resonances increase the cyclotron cooling rate of pure electron plasmas held in a Penning-Malmberg trap when the electron cyclotron frequency, controlled by tuning the magnetic field, matches…

Electron evaporation plays an important role in the electron temperature evolution and thus expansion rate in low-density ultracold plasmas. In addition, evaporation is useful as a potential tool for obtaining colder electron temperatures…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Craig Witte , Jacob L. Roberts

Conduction electrons in metallic nano-objects ($\rm 1\,nm = 10^{-9}\, m$) behave as mobile negative charges confined by a fixed positively-charged background, the atomic ions. In many respects, this electron gas displays typical plasma…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-20 Giovanni Manfredi , Paul-Antoine Hervieux , Jérôme Hurst

Free electron beams such as those employed in electron microscopes have evolved into powerful tools to investigate photonic nanostructures with an unrivaled combination of spatial and spectral precision through the analysis of electron…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-22 F. Javier García de Abajo , Valerio Di Giulio

We develop a theory of energy relaxation and thermalization of hot carriers in real quantum wires. Our theory is based on a controlled perturbative approach for large excitation energies and emphasizes the important roles of the electron…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-11-25 Torsten Karzig , Leonid I. Glazman , Felix von Oppen

The concept of nuclear spin temperature has been a cornerstone of the theory of dynamic nuclear spin polarization by electrons in various semiconductor structures for decades. Still, it is not always applicable to strongly localized…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 D. S. Smirnov , K. V. Kavokin