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We consider the statistics of the extreme eigenvalues of sparse random matrices, a class of random matrices that includes the normalized adjacency matrices of the Erd{\H o}s-R{\'e}nyi graph $G(N,p)$. Recently, it was shown by Lee, up to an…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

We review the properties of eigenvectors for the graph Laplacian matrix, aiming at predicting a specific eigenvalue/vector from the geometry of the graph. After considering classical graphs for which the spectrum is known, we focus on…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-23 J. -G. Caputo , A. Knippel

Based on matrix perturbation theory, closed-form analytic expansions are studied for a Laplacian eigenvalue of an undirected, possibly weighted graph, which is close to a unique degree in that graph. An approximation is presented to provide…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Piet Van Mieghem , Yingyue Ke

We show that, under mild assumptions, the spectrum of a sum of independent random matrices is close to that of the Gaussian random matrix whose entries have the same mean and covariance. This nonasymptotic universality principle yields…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Tatiana Brailovskaya , Ramon van Handel

The scaled standard Wigner matrix (symmetric with mean zero, variance one i.i.d. entries), and its limiting eigenvalue distribution, namely the semi-circular distribution, has attracted much attention. The $2k$th moment of the limit equals…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-18 Arup Bose , Koushik Saha , Arusharka Sen , Priyanka Sen

Random-matrix theory is applied to transition-rate matrices in the Pauli master equation. We study the distribution and correlations of eigenvalues, which govern the dynamics of complex stochastic systems. Both the cases of identical and of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-29 Carsten Timm

We study numerically and analytically the spectrum of incidence matrices of random labeled graphs on N vertices : any pair of vertices is connected by an edge with probability p. We give two algorithms to compute the moments of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-24 M. Bauer , O. Golinelli

We investigate the statistics of the largest eigenvalue, $\lambda_{\rm max}$, in an ensemble of $N\times N$ large ($N\gg 1$) sparse adjacency matrices, $A_N$. The most attention is paid to the distribution and typical fluctuations of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-14 Bogdan Slavov , Kirill Polovnikov , Sergei Nechaev , Nikita Pospelov

We present a Gaussian ensemble of random cyclic matrices on the real field and study their spectral fluctuations. These cyclic matrices are shown to be pseudo-symmetric with respect to generalized parity. We calculate the joint probability…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-02-13 Sudhir R. Jain , Shashi C. L. Srivastava

The Laplacian matrix and its pseudo-inverse for a strongly connected directed graph is fundamental in computing many properties of a directed graph. Examples include random-walk centrality and betweenness measures, average hitting and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-16 Daniel Boley

A Laplacian matrix is a square real matrix with nonpositive off-diagonal entries and zero row sums. As a matrix associated with a weighted directed graph, it generalizes the Laplacian matrix of an ordinary graph. A standardized Laplacian…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Rafig Agaev , Pavel Chebotarev

The spread of a real symmetric matrix is defined as the difference between its largest and smallest eigenvalue. The study of graph-related matrices has attracted considerable attention, leading to a substantial body of findings. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Lele Liu , Yi-Zheng Fan , Yi Wang , Wenyan Wang

We consider rectangular random matrices of size $p\times n$ belonging to the real Wishart-Laguerre ensemble also known as the chiral Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. This ensemble appears in many applications like QCD, mesoscopic physics, and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-09-17 Tim Wirtz , Gernot Akemann , Thomas Guhr , Mario Kieburg , René Wegner

We examine the empirical distribution of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of adjacency matrices of sparse regular random graphs. We find that when the degree sequence of the graph slowly increases to infinity with the number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-15 Ioana Dumitriu , Soumik Pal

In this paper, we prove a variant of the Burger-Brooks transfer principle which, combined with recent eigenvalue bounds for surfaces, allows to obtain upper bounds on the eigenvalues of graphs as a function of their genus. More precisely,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-02 Omid Amini , David Cohen-Steiner

An eigenfunction of the Laplacian on a metric (quantum) graph has an excess number of zeros due to the graph's non-trivial topology. This number, called the nodal surplus, is an integer between 0 and the graph's first Betti number $\beta$.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Lior Alon , Ram Band , Gregory Berkolaiko

We consider the ensemble of adjacency matrices of Erd{\H o}s-R\'enyi random graphs, i.e.\ graphs on $N$ vertices where every edge is chosen independently and with probability $p \equiv p(N)$. We rescale the matrix so that its bulk…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Laszlo Erdos , Antti Knowles , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

Eigenvalues of Wigner matrices has been a major topic of investigation. A particularly important subclass of such random matrices is formed by the adjacency matrix of an Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi graph $\mathcal{G}_{n,p}$ equipped with i.i.d.…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Shirshendu Ganguly , Ella Hiesmayr , Kyeongsik Nam

We use two variational techniques to prove upper bounds for sums of the lowest several eigenvalues of matrices associated with finite, simple, combinatorial graphs. These include estimates for the adjacency matrix of a graph and for both…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-27 Evans M. Harell , Joachim Stubbe

We study a class of random matrices that appear in several communication and signal processing applications, and whose asymptotic eigenvalue distribution is closely related to the reconstruction error of an irregularly sampled bandlimited…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-06-24 Alessandro Nordio , Carla-Fabiana Chiasserini , Emanuele Viterbo