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Many real-world problems require trading off multiple competing objectives. However, these objectives are often in different units and/or scales, which can make it challenging for practitioners to express numerical preferences over…

Policy learning can be used to extract individualized treatment regimes from observational data in healthcare, civics, e-commerce, and beyond. One big hurdle to policy learning is a commonplace lack of overlap in the data for different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-04 Nathan Kallus

Nervous systems, like any organismal structure, have been shaped by evolutionary processes to increase fitness. The resulting neural 'bauplan' has to account for multiple objectives simultaneously, including computational function as well…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-05 Fabian Pallasdies , Philipp Norton , Jan-Hendrik Schleimer , Susanne Schreiber

Many real world applications can be framed as multi-objective optimization problems, where we wish to simultaneously optimize for multiple criteria. Bayesian optimization techniques for the multi-objective setting are pertinent when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Biswajit Paria , Kirthevasan Kandasamy , Barnabás Póczos

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) aims at optimising several, often conflicting goals to improve the flexibility and reliability of RL in practical tasks. This is typically achieved by finding a set of diverse, non-dominated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qiyue Xia , Tianwei Wang , J. Michael Herrmann

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) is essential for addressing the intricacies of real-world RL problems, which often require trade-offs between multiple utility functions. However, MORL is challenging due to unstable learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Mikhail Terekhov , Caglar Gulcehre

Pareto Front Learning (PFL) was recently introduced as an effective approach to obtain a mapping function from a given trade-off vector to a solution on the Pareto front, which solves the multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem. Due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Long P. Hoang , Dung D. Le , Tran Anh Tuan , Tran Ngoc Thang

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) approaches have emerged to tackle many real-world problems with multiple conflicting objectives by maximizing a joint objective function weighted by a preference vector. These approaches find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Toygun Basaklar , Suat Gumussoy , Umit Y. Ogras

Fairness is a central pillar of trustworthy machine learning, especially in domains where accuracy- or profit-driven optimization is insufficient. While most fairness research focuses on supervised learning, fairness in policy learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-11 Zeyu Bian , Lan Wang , Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi

As machine learning (ML) applications grow increasingly complex in recent years, modern ML frameworks often need to address multiple potentially conflicting objectives with coupled decision variables across different layers. This creates a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhiyao Zhang , Zhuqing Liu , Xin Zhang , Wen-Yen Chen , Jiyan Yang , Jia Liu

This work investigates multi-objective imitation learning: the problem of recovering policies that lie on the Pareto front given demonstrations from multiple Pareto-optimal experts in a Multi-Objective Markov Decision Process (MOMDP).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ziyad Sheebaelhamd , Luca Viano , Volkan Cevher , Claire Vernade

Solving multi-objective optimization problems for large deep neural networks is a challenging task due to the complexity of the loss landscape and the expensive computational cost of training and evaluating models. Efficient Pareto front…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Shiwei Liu , Han Hu , Bo Du

Many machine learning tasks aim to find models that work well not for a single, but for a group of criteria, often opposing ones. One such example is imbalanced data classification, where, on the one hand, we want to achieve the best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Szymon Wojciechowski , Michał Woźniak

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) is an extension of ordinary, single-objective reinforcement learning (RL) that is applicable to many real-world tasks where multiple objectives exist without known relative costs. We study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Dongruo Zhou , Jiahao Chen , Quanquan Gu

Solutions to multi-objective optimization problems can generally not be compared or ordered, due to the lack of orderability of the single objectives. Furthermore, decision-makers are often made to believe that scaled objectives can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Sebastian Hönel , Welf Löwe

The problem of making sequential decisions in unknown probabilistic environments is studied. In cycle $t$ action $y_t$ results in perception $x_t$ and reward $r_t$, where all quantities in general may depend on the complete history. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Marcus Hutter

This study introduces a novel multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) approach for autonomous intersection management, aiming to balance traffic efficiency and environmental sustainability across electric and internal combustion…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-15 Matteo Cederle , Marco Fabris , Gian Antonio Susto

This study proposes the General Bayes framework for policy learning. We consider decision problems in which a decision-maker chooses an action from an action set to maximize its expected welfare. Typical examples include treatment choice…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Masahiro Kato

When a robot autonomously performs a complex task, it frequently must balance competing objectives while maintaining safety. This becomes more difficult in uncertain environments with stochastic outcomes. Enhancing transparency in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Peter Amorese , Shohei Wakayama , Nisar Ahmed , Morteza Lahijanian

Causal machine learning methods can be used to search for treatment effect heterogeneity in high-dimensional datasets even where we lack a strong enough theoretical framework to select variables or make parametric assumptions about data.…

General Economics · Economics 2024-04-01 Patrick Rehill , Nicholas Biddle