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In card-based cryptography, a deck of physical cards is used to achieve secure computation. A shuffle, which randomly permutes a card-sequence along with some probability distribution, ensures the security of a card-based protocol. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Kazumasa Shinagawa , Kengo Miyamoto

Multiplicative analogues of the shuffle elements of the braid group rings are introduced; in local representations they give rise to certain graded associative algebras (b-shuffle algebras). For the Hecke and BMW algebras, the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2009-12-13 A. P. Isaev , O. V. Ogievetsky

We study the "top-to-random-and-reverse shuffle", defined as the top-to-random shuffle in the symmetric group algebra composed with the permutation $w_0$ (which sends each $i$ to $n+1-i$). More generally, we analyze the composition of any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Darij Grinberg , Jonathan Parlett

Using symmetric function theory, we study the cycle structure and increasing subsequence structure of permutations after various shuffling methods, emphasizing the role of Cauchy type identities and the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jason Fulman

Consider an n by n array of cards shuffled in the following manner. An element x of the array is chosen uniformly at random; Then with probability 1/2 the rectangle of cards above and to the left of x is rotated 180 degrees, and with…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Robin Pemantle

The rising algebra is a subalgebra of the group algebra of the symmetric group S_n, gotten by lumping together permutations having the same number of rising sequences. This well-known algebra arises naturally when studying riffle shuffles.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-04-02 Peter G. Doyle , Dan Rockmore

Divide a deck of $kn$ cards into $k$ equal piles and place them from left to right. The standard shuffle $\sigma$ is performed by picking up the top cards one by one from left to right and repeating until all cards have been picked up. For…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-28 Junyang Zhang

Mechanical shufflers used in many casinos employ a card shuffling scheme called \emph{shelf shuffling}. In a single-shelf shuffling, cards arrive sequentially, and each incoming card is independently placed on the top or the bottom of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Raghavendra Tripathi

The ``overlapping-cycles shuffle'' mixes a deck of $n$ cards by moving either the $n$th card or the $(n-k)$th card to the top of the deck, with probability half each. We determine the spectral gap for the location of a single card, which,…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-06-17 Omer Angel , Yuval Peres , David B. Wilson

This paper describes a combinatorial way of obtaining all the eigenvalues of the symmetrized shuffling operators introduced by Victor Reiner, Franco Saliola and Volkmar Welker. It allows us to prove their conjecture that these eigenvalues…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-25 Nadia Lafrenière

In the context of the shuffle theorem, many classical integer sequences appear with a natural refinement by two statistics $q$ and $t$: for example the Catalan and Schr\"oder numbers. In particular, the bigraded Hilbert series of diagonal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Sylvie Corteel , Matthieu Josuat-Vergès , Anna Vanden Wyngaerd

We introduce and analyze the $S_k$ shuffle on $N$ cards, a natural generalization of the celebrated random adjacent transposition shuffle. In the $S_k$ shuffle, we choose uniformly at random a block of $k$ consecutive cards, and shuffle…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Evita Nestoridi , Amanda Priestley , Dominik Schmid

We consider a family of card shuffles of $n$ cards in which the allowed moves involve transpositions corresponding to the Jucys--Murphy elements of the symmetric group $\{S_m\}_{m \leq n}$. We determine the eigenvalues of the corresponding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Samira Arfaee , Evita Nestoridi

In each step of the overlapping cycles shuffle on $n$ cards, a fair coin is flipped which determines whether the $m$th card or the $n$th card is moved to the top of the deck. Angel, Peres, and Wilson showed the following interesting fact:…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Olena Blumberg , Ben Morris , Hans Oberschelp

We construct explicit generating sets S_n and \tilde S_n of the for the alternating and the symmetric groups, which turn the Cayley graphs C(Alt(n), S_n) and C(Sym(n), \tilde S_n) into a family of bounded degree expanders for all n. This…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Martin Kassabov

The starting point of this work is an equality between two quantities $A$ and $B$ found in the literature, which involve the {\em doubling-modulo-an-odd-integer} map, i.e., $x\in {\mathbb N} \mapsto 2x \bmod{(2n+1)}$ for some positive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Jean-Paul Allouche , Manon Stipulanti , Jia-Yan Yao

Consider a permutation p to be any finite list of distinct positive integers. A statistic is a function St whose domain is all permutations. Let S(p,q) be the set of shuffles of two disjoint permutations p and q. We say that St is shuffle…

Inspired by a common technique for shuffling a deck of cards on a table without riffling, we formalize the pile shuffle and investigate its capabilities as a sorting device. Our study is novel in that we consider pile shuffle in three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Kyle B. Treleaven

We analyze random walks on a class of semigroups called ``left-regular bands''. These walks include the hyperplane chamber walks of Bidigare, Hanlon, and Rockmore. Using methods of ring theory, we show that the transition matrices are…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kenneth S. Brown

We extend the shuffle algebra perspective on scalar-valued non-commutative probability theory to the operator-valued case. Given an operator-valued probability space with an algebra $B$ acting on it (on the left and on the right), we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Nicolas Gilliers