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Related papers: Second-Generation Time-Delay Interferometry

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The future space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA will consist of a constellation of three spacecraft in a triangular constellation, connected by laser interferometers with 2.5 million-kilometer arms. Among other challenges, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-27 Quentin Baghi , James Ira Thorpe , Jacob Slutsky , John Baker

Raw space-based gravitational-wave data like LISA's phase measurements are dominated by laser frequency noise. The standard technique to make this data usable for science is time-delay interferometry (TDI), which cancels laser noise terms…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-12 Quentin Baghi , John G. Baker , Jacob Slutsky , James Ira Thorpe

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Laser frequency noise enters the interferometric measurements and dominates the expected…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-22 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Marc Lilley , Antoine Petiteau , Hubert Halloin

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a processing step essential for the scientific exploitation of LISA, as it reduces the otherwise overwhelming laser noise in the interferometric measurements. The fundamental idea is to define new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-09 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Michele Vallisneri , Stanislav Babak , Antoine Petiteau

Space-borne interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (mHz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors, the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light-travel times will necessarily be unequal and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Michele Vallisneri , J. W. Armstrong

Space-borne interferometric gravitational wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (millihertz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light-travel-times will necessarily be unequal,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Frank B. Estabrook , adn J. W. Armstrong

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for space-based gravitational-wave detectors to create laser-noise-free equal-optical-path-length interferometers virtually on the ground. It relies on the interspacecraft…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-14 Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Philipp Euringer , Olaf Hartwig , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Gerhard Heinzel , Kohei Yamamoto

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) suppresses laser frequency noise by forming linear combinations of time-shifted interferometric measurements. The time-shift operation is implemented by interpolating discretely sampled data. To enable…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Martin Staab , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Graham Woan , Peter Wolf

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for space-based gravitational wave (GW) missions to effectively suppress laser frequency noise and achieve targeting sensitivity. The principle of the TDI is to synthesize multiple laser link…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Gang Wang

Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) is an indispensable step in the whole data processing procedure of space-based gravitational wave detection, as it mitigates the overwhelming laser frequency noise, which would otherwise completely bury the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-30 Minghui Du , Pengzhan Wu , Ziren Luo , Peng Xu

LISA is a joint space mission of the ESA and NASA for detecting low frequency gravitational radiation in the band $10^{-5} - 1$ Hz. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 S. V. Dhurandhar

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. The three-spacecraft constellation forms a nearly-equilateral triangle, which experiences…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a crucial step in the on-ground data processing pipeline of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), as it reduces otherwise overwhelming laser noise and allows for the detection of gravitational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-22 Martin Staab , Marc Lilley , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig

Spaceborne gravitational-wave observatories utilize a postprocessing technique known as time-delay interferometry (TDI) to reduce the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise by around 8 orders of magnitude. While, in its traditional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-11 Kohei Yamamoto , Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Olaf Hartwig

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), an ESA L-class mission, is designed to detect gravitational waves in the millihertz frequency band, with operations expected to begin in the next decade. LISA will enable studies of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-31 Niklas Houba , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Michele Vallisneri

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is the data processing technique needed for generating interferometric combinations of data measured by the multiple Doppler readouts available onboard the three LISA spacecraft. Within the space of all…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Shane L. Larson

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is essential for space-based gravitational wave (GW) missions, as it suppresses laser frequency noise and achieve the required sensitivity. Beyond the standard Michelson configuration, a variety of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-05 Gang Wang

With the purpose of understanding how time delay interferometry (TDI) combinations can best be used for the characterisation of LISA instrumental noise, we revisit their laser frequency noise cancellation properties. We have developed an…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-17 Martina Muratore , Daniele Vetrugno , Stefano Vitale

Three spacecraft of LISA/TAIJI mission follow their respective geodesic trajectories, and their interferometric arms are unequal and time-varying due to orbital dynamics. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to suppress the laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-26 Gang Wang , Wei-Tou Ni

The proposed space-borne laser interferometric gravitational wave (GW) observatory TianQin adopts a geocentric orbit for its nearly equilateral triangular constellation formed by three identical drag-free satellites. The geocentric distance…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-02 Ming-Yue Zhou , Xin-Chun Hu , Bobing Ye , Shoucun Hu , Dong-Dong Zhu , Xuefeng Zhang , Wei Su , Yan Wang