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This paper proposes a question-answering system that can answer questions whose supporting evidence is spread over multiple (potentially long) documents. The system, called Visconde, uses a three-step pipeline to perform the task:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jayr Pereira , Robson Fidalgo , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

We develop a unified system to answer directly from text open-domain questions that may require a varying number of retrieval steps. We employ a single multi-task transformer model to perform all the necessary subtasks -- retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Peng Qi , Haejun Lee , Oghenetegiri "TG" Sido , Christopher D. Manning

Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) is crucial for evaluating the model's capability to integrate information from diverse sources. However, creating extensive and high-quality MHQA datasets is challenging: (i) manual annotation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhiyu Shen , Jiyuan Liu , Yunhe Pang , Yanghui Rao , Fu Lee Wang , Jianxing Yu

Visual question answering (VQA) is a task that combines both the techniques of computer vision and natural language processing. It requires models to answer a text-based question according to the information contained in a visual. In recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Yeyun Zou , Qiyu Xie

We propose DocFormerv2, a multi-modal transformer for Visual Document Understanding (VDU). The VDU domain entails understanding documents (beyond mere OCR predictions) e.g., extracting information from a form, VQA for documents and other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Srikar Appalaraju , Peng Tang , Qi Dong , Nishant Sankaran , Yichu Zhou , R. Manmatha

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenging task of predicting the answer to a question about the content of an image. Prior works directly evaluate the answering models by simply calculating the accuracy of predicted answers. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Kun Li , George Vosselman , Michael Ying Yang

Translating renderings (e. g. PDFs, scans) into hierarchical document structures is extensively demanded in the daily routines of many real-world applications. However, a holistic, principled approach to inferring the complete hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Johannes Rausch , Octavio Martinez , Fabian Bissig , Ce Zhang , Stefan Feuerriegel

Document understanding and information extraction include different tasks to understand a document and extract valuable information automatically. Recently, there has been a rising demand for developing document understanding among…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding , Siwen Luo , Josiah Poon , HeeGuen Yoon , Zhe Huang , Paul Duuring , Eun Jung Holden

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have achieved impressive progress in vision-language understanding, yet they face limitations in real-world applications requiring complex reasoning over a large number of images. Existing benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jun Chen , Dannong Xu , Junjie Fei , Chun-Mei Feng , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) faces dual challenges in processing lengthy multimodal documents (text, images, tables) and performing cross-modal reasoning. Current document retrieval-augmented generation (DocRAG) methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kuicai Dong , Yujing Chang , Shijie Huang , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Knowledge-based visual question answering (QA) aims to answer a question which requires visually-grounded external knowledge beyond image content itself. Answering complex questions that require multi-hop reasoning under weak supervision is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yu-Jung Heo , Eun-Sol Kim , Woo Suk Choi , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenging task that requires systems to provide accurate answers to questions based on image content. Current VQA models struggle with complex questions due to limitations in capturing and integrating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Peiyuan Chen , Zecheng Zhang , Yiping Dong , Li Zhou , Han Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for document-based Open-domain Question Answering (ODQA) on large-scale industrial corpora faces two critical bottlenecks: routing failure in locating the correct document and evidence fragmentation in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Joongmin Shin , Gyuho Shim , Jeongbae Park , Jaehyung Seo , Heuiseok Lim

Visual Question Answering is a multi-modal task that aims to measure high-level visual understanding. Contemporary VQA models are restrictive in the sense that answers are obtained via classification over a limited vocabulary (in the case…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Radhika Dua , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

The proliferation of multimodal Large Language Models has significantly advanced the ability to analyze and understand complex data inputs from different modalities. However, the processing of long documents remains under-explored, largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Goeric Huybrechts , Srikanth Ronanki , Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi , Jack Fitzgerald , Srinivasan Veeravanallur

Visual question answering (VQA) in medical imaging aims to support clinical diagnosis by automatically interpreting complex imaging data in response to natural language queries. Existing studies typically rely on distinct visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yuanhe Tian , Chen Su , Junwen Duan , Yan Song

Visual question answering (VQA) has been gaining a lot of traction in the machine learning community in the recent years due to the challenges posed in understanding information coming from multiple modalities (i.e., images, language). In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Muralikrishnna G. Sethuraman , Ali Payani , Faramarz Fekri , J. Clayton Kerce

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a fundamental multimodal task that requires models to jointly understand visual and textual information. Early VQA systems relied heavily on language biases, motivating subsequent work to emphasize visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nguyen Anh Tuong , Phan Ba Duc , Nguyen Trung Quoc , Tran Dac Thinh , Dang Duy Lan , Nguyen Quoc Thinh , Tung Le

We propose the task of free-form and open-ended Visual Question Answering (VQA). Given an image and a natural language question about the image, the task is to provide an accurate natural language answer. Mirroring real-world scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-28 Aishwarya Agrawal , Jiasen Lu , Stanislaw Antol , Margaret Mitchell , C. Lawrence Zitnick , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh

Visual Question Answering(VQA) is a highly complex problem set, relying on many sub-problems to produce reasonable answers. In this paper, we present the hypothesis that Visual Question Answering should be viewed as a multi-task problem,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Amelia Elizabeth Pollard , Jonathan L. Shapiro