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In this paper we explore the application of simultaneous move Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) based online framework for tactical maneuvering between two unmanned aircrafts. Compared to other techniques, MCTS enables efficient search over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Kunal Srivastava , Amit Surana

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a widely used approach for policy improvement through search with increasing popularity for real world applications. Due to the sequential and deterministic nature of its search, runtime-scaling of MCTS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yaniv Oren , Viliam Vadocz , Joery A. de Vries , Wendelin Böhmer , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Hendrik Baier

This article presents MCTS-BN, an adaptation of the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm for the structural learning of Bayesian Networks (BNs). Initially designed for game tree exploration, MCTS has been repurposed to address the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jorge D. Laborda , Pablo Torrijos , José M. Puerta , José A. Gámez

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is an effective test-time compute scaling (TTCS) method for improving the reasoning performance of large language models, but its highly variable execution time leads to severe long-tail latency in practice.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hongbeen Kim , Juhyun Lee , Sanghyeon Lee , Kwanghoon Choi , Jaehyuk Huh

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has improved the performance of game engines in domains such as Go, Hex, and general game playing. MCTS has been shown to outperform classic alpha-beta search in games where good heuristic evaluations are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-06-23 Marc Lanctot , Mark H. M. Winands , Tom Pepels , Nathan R. Sturtevant

Decision-making under uncertainty (DMU) is present in many important problems. An open challenge is DMU in non-stationary environments, where the dynamics of the environment can change over time. Reinforcement Learning (RL), a popular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Geoffrey Pettet , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Abhishek Dubey

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a relatively new sampling method with multiple variants in the literature. They can be applied to a wide variety of challenging domains including board games, video games, and energy-based problems to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Fred Valdez Ameneyro , Edgar Galvan , Anger Fernando Kuri Morales

In this research, we investigate the possibility of applying a search strategy to genetic algorithms to explore the entire genetic tree structure. Several methods aid in performing tree searches; however, simpler algorithms such as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Akshay Hebbar

We present a new Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm to solve the stochastic orienteering problem with chance constraints, i.e., a version of the problem where travel costs are random, and one is assigned a bound on the tolerable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Stefano Carpin

In many problem settings, most notably in game playing, an agent receives a possibly delayed reward for its actions. Often, those rewards are handcrafted and not naturally given. Even simple terminal-only rewards, like winning equals 1 and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Tobias Joppen , Johannes Fürnkranz

Bandit based methods for tree search have recently gained popularity when applied to huge trees, e.g. in the game of go [6]. Their efficient exploration of the tree enables to re- turn rapidly a good value, and improve preci- sion if more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Pierre-Arnuad Coquelin , Remi Munos

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has proven effective in solving decision-making problems in perfect information settings. However, its application to stochastic and imperfect information domains remains limited. This paper extends the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Can Cömer , Jannis Blüml , Cedric Derstroff , Kristian Kersting

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) typically uses multi-armed bandit (MAB) strategies designed to minimize cumulative regret, such as UCB1, as its selection strategy. However, in the root node of the search tree, it is more sensible to minimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Dominic Sagers , Mark H. M. Winands , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers

Lane-free traffic environments allow vehicles to better harness the lateral capacity of the road without being restricted to lane-keeping, thereby increasing the traffic flow rates. As such, we have a distinct and more challenging setting…

Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) has driven many recent breakthroughs in deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, scaling MCTS to parallel compute has proven challenging in practice which has motivated alternative planners like sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Joery A. de Vries , Jinke He , Yaniv Oren , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is a popular choice for solving sequential anytime problems. However, it depends on a numeric feedback signal, which can be difficult to define. Real-time MCTS is a variant which may only rarely encounter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Tobias Joppen , Christian Wirth , Johannes Fürnkranz

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) has been successful in a variety of domains, but faces challenges with long-horizon exploration when compared to sampling-based motion planning algorithms like Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Liam Schramm , Abdeslam Boularias

Bandit based methods for tree search have recently gained popularity when applied to huge trees, e.g. in the game of go (Gelly et al., 2006). The UCT algorithm (Kocsis and Szepesvari, 2006), a tree search method based on Upper Confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-14 Pierre-Arnaud Coquelin , Rémi Munos

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in automating machine learning tasks. However, existing LLM-based agents often struggle with low-diversity and suboptimal code generation. While recent work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zujie Liang , Feng Wei , Wujiang Xu , Lin Chen , Yuxi Qian , Xinhui Wu

We study Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) in zero-sum extensive-form games with perfect information and simultaneous moves. We present a general template of MCTS algorithms for these games, which can be instantiated by various selection…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-12-16 Viliam Lisý , Vojtěch Kovařík , Marc Lanctot , Branislav Bošanský