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Classical shadow tomography is a powerful randomized measurement protocol for predicting many properties of a quantum state with few measurements. Two classical shadow protocols have been extensively studied in the literature: the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Ahmed A. Akhtar , Hong-Ye Hu , Yi-Zhuang You

The rapid advancement of quantum computing has led to an extensive demand for effective techniques to extract classical information from quantum systems, particularly in fields like quantum machine learning and quantum chemistry. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 Yifei Chen , Zhan Yu , Chenghong Zhu , Xin Wang

Surface codes exploit topological protection to increase error resilience in quantum computing devices and can in principle be implemented in existing hardware. They are one of the most promising candidates for active error correction, not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-22 Bettina Heim , Krysta M. Svore , Matthew B. Hastings

The low-energy subspace of a conformal field theory (CFT) can serve as a quantum error correcting code, with important consequences in holography and quantum gravity. We consider generic 1+1D CFT codes under extensive local dephasing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Shengqi Sang , Timothy H. Hsieh , Yijian Zou

For random quantum circuits on $n$ qubits of depth $\Theta(\log n)$ with depolarizing noise, the task of sampling from the output state can be efficiently performed classically using a Pauli path method [Aharonov et al. Proceedings of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Guillermo González-García , J. Ignacio Cirac , Rahul Trivedi

The quantum hashing bound guarantees that rates up to $1-H(p_I, p_X, p_Y, p_Z)$ are achievable for memoryless Pauli channels, but it is not generally tight. A known way to improve achievable rates for certain asymmetric Pauli channels is to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tyler Kann , Matthieu R. Bloch , Shrinivas Kudekar , Ruediger Urbanke

Transversal logical gates offer the opportunity for fast and low-noise logic, particularly when interspersed by a single round of parity check measurements of the underlying code. Using such circuits for the surface code requires decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Marc Serra-Peralta , Mackenzie H. Shaw , Barbara M. Terhal

With fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) on the horizon, it is critical to understand sources of logical error in plausible hardware implementations of quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). In this work, we consider logical error rates…

Stabilizer-based simulation of quantum error-correcting codes typically relies on the Pauli-twirling approximation (PTA) to render non-Clifford noise classically tractable, but PTA can distort the behavior of physically relevant channels…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Sean R. Garner , Nathan M. Myers , Meng Wang , Samuel Stein , Chenxu Liu , Ang Li

The ability to efficiently simulate random quantum circuits using a classical computer is increasingly important for developing Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices. Here we present a tensor network states based algorithm specifically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Chu Guo , Youwei Zhao , He-Liang Huang

A central challenge in quantum error correction is identifying powerful quantum codes tailored to specific hardware and determining their error thresholds above which quantum information is unprotected. This problem is hard because we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Gaurav Gyawali , Henry Shackleton , Zhu-Xi Luo , Michael Lawler

We provide practical and powerful schemes for learning many properties of an unknown n-qubit quantum state using a sparing number of copies of the state. Specifically, we present a depth-modulated randomized measurement scheme that…

Noisy hardware forms one of the main hurdles to the realization of a near-term quantum internet. Distillation protocols allows one to overcome this noise at the cost of an increased overhead. We consider here an experimentally relevant…

We consider the possibility of adding noise to a quantum circuit to make it efficiently simulatable classically. In previous works this approach has been used to derive upper bounds to fault tolerance thresholds - usually by identifying a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-12 M. B. Plenio , S. Virmani

We propose several optimizations of the CliNR partial error correction scheme which implements Clifford circuits by consuming a resource state. Errors are corrected by measuring a sequence of Pauli operators that we refer to as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Edwin Tham , Nicolas Delfosse

The applications of random quantum circuits range from quantum computing and quantum many-body systems to the physics of black holes. Many of these applications are related to the generation of quantum pseudorandomness: Random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Jonas Haferkamp

Quantum error correction protocols have been developed to offset the high sensitivity to noise inherent in quantum systems. However, much is still unknown about the behaviour of a quantum error-correcting code under general noise, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

The impressive progress in quantum hardware in the last years has raised the interest of the quantum computing community in harvesting the computational power of such devices. However, in the absence of error correction, these devices can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-21 Giacomo De Palma , Milad Marvian , Cambyse Rouzé , Daniel Stilck França

Twirling noise affecting quantum gates is essential in understanding and controlling errors, but applicable operations to noise are usually restricted by symmetries inherent in quantum gates. In this work, we propose symmetric Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Kento Tsubouchi , Yosuke Mitsuhashi , Kunal Sharma , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing. Despite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction, to date, there has been no demonstration in the realisation of universal…