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The Eastin-Knill theorem states that no quantum error correcting code can have a universal set of transversal gates. For CSS codes that can implement Clifford gates transversally it suffices to provide one additional non-Clifford gate, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Kristan Temme

We investigate quantum error correction protocols for neutral atoms quantum processors in the presence of atom loss. We complement the surface code with loss detection units (LDU) and analyze its performances by means of circuit-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Hugo Perrin , Sven Jandura , Guido Pupillo

We construct a polynomial-time classical algorithm that samples from the output distribution of noisy geometrically local Clifford circuits with any product-state input and single-qubit measurements in any basis. Our results apply to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Jon Nelson , Joel Rajakumar , Dominik Hangleiter , Michael J. Gullans

With the intense interest in small, noisy quantum computing devices comes the push for larger, more accurate -- and hence more useful -- quantum computers. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers are, in principle, capable of achieving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-22 Akshaya Jayashankar , My Duy Hoang Long , Hui Khoon Ng , Prabha Mandayam

Applying single-qubit Clifford unitaries to a Pauli stabilizer code produces a Clifford-deformed variant whose stabilizers remain Pauli operators, but with locally rotated Pauli axes. Such deformations provide a simple way to tailor a fixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Jagannath Das , Sayandip Dhara , Pedro Medina , Arthur Pesah , Arpit Dua

In this paper, we study the problem of learning an unknown quantum circuit of a certain structure. If the unknown target is an $n$-qubit Clifford circuit, we devise an efficient algorithm to reconstruct its circuit representation by using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Ching-Yi Lai , Hao-Chung Cheng

Quantum error correction (QEC) is often implemented on hardware that experiences biased noise, where dephasing errors occur more frequently than other errors. This has motivated many recent efforts to develop bias-tailored QEC codes, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Arianna Meinking , Julie Campos , Kenneth R. Brown

With the development of quantum hardware bringing the error-corrected quantum circuits to the near future, the lack of an efficient polynomial-time decoding algorithms for logical circuits presents a critical bottleneck. While quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Yiqing Zhou , Chao Wan , Yichen Xu , Jin Peng Zhou , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Eun-Ah Kim

In order to build a large scale quantum computer, one must be able to correct errors extremely fast. We design a fast decoding algorithm for topological codes to correct for Pauli errors and erasure and combination of both errors and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Nicolas Delfosse , Naomi H. Nickerson

Machine learning has the potential to become an important tool in quantum error correction as it allows the decoder to adapt to the error distribution of a quantum chip. An additional motivation for using neural networks is the fact that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Xiaotong Ni

Quantum error correction (QEC) is indispensable for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its effectiveness hinges critically on the classical decoding algorithm that interprets noisy syndrome measurements. Among all possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Hanyan Cao , Ge Yan , Yuxuan Du , Feng Pan

Characterization of noise in current near-term quantum devices is of paramount importance to fully use their computational power. However, direct quantum process tomography becomes unfeasible for systems composed of tens of qubits. A…

Topological color codes defined by the 4.8.8 semiregular lattice feature geometrically local check operators and admit transversal implementation of the entire Clifford group, making them promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-14 Ashley M. Stephens

Information obtained from noise characterization of a quantum device can be used in classical decoding algorithms to improve the performance of quantum error-correcting codes. Focusing on the surface code under local (i.e. single-qubit)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Andrew S. Darmawan

The error threshold of a one-parameter family of quantum channels is defined as the largest noise level such that the quantum capacity of the channel remains positive. This in turn guarantees the existence of a quantum error correction code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Johannes Bausch , Felix Leditzky

We investigate the amount of noise required to turn a universal quantum gate set into one that can be efficiently modelled classically. This question is useful for providing upper bounds on fault tolerant thresholds, and for understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Virmani , Susana F. Huelga , Martin B. Plenio

We prove new upper bounds on the tolerable level of noise in a quantum circuit. We consider circuits consisting of unitary k-qubit gates each of whose input wires is subject to depolarizing noise of strength p, as well as arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-12 Julia Kempe , Oded Regev , Falk Unger , Ronald de Wolf

The unavoidable presence of noise is a crucial roadblock for the development of large-scale quantum computers and the ability to characterize quantum noise reliably and efficiently with high precision is essential to scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-07 Cambyse Rouzé , Daniel Stilck França

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires quantum error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations of QEC using the surface code. QEC codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in…

A defining feature in the field of quantum computing is the potential of a quantum device to outperform its classical counterpart for a specific computational task. By now, several proposals exist showing that certain sampling problems can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Rawad Mezher , Joe Ghalbouni , Joseph Dgheim , Damian Markham