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Quantum tomography is a procedure to determine the quantum state of a physical system, or equivalently, to estimate the expectation value of any operator. It consists in appropriately averaging the outcomes of the measurement results of…
Quantum state tomography (QST) is essential for validating quantum devices but suffers from exponential scaling in system size. Neural-network quantum states, such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs), can efficiently parameterize…
Recently quantum tomography has been proposed as a fundamental tool for prototyping a few qubit quantum device. It allows the complete reconstruction of the state produced from a given input into the device. From this reconstructed density…
Quantum tomography is an essential method of the photonic technology toolbox and is routinely used for evaluation of experimentally prepared states of light and characterization of devices transforming such states. The tomography procedure…
We demonstrate that the task of determining an unknown quantum state can be accomplished efficiently by making a sequential measurement of two observables $\hat{A}$ and $\hat{B}$, provided that the two observables are chosen in such a way…
Amongst the multitude of state reconstruction techniques, the so-called "quantum tomography" seems to be the most fruitful. In this letter, I will start by developing the mathematical apparatus of quantum tomography and, later, I will…
As quantum technologies advance, the ability to generate increasingly large quantum states has experienced rapid development. In this context, the verification and estimation of large entangled systems represents one of the main challenges…
We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a technique for performing quantum state tomography on multiple-qubit states despite incomplete knowledge about the unitary operations used to change the measurement basis. Given unitary…
The characterization of quantum states is a fundamental step of any application of quantum technologies. Nowadays there exist several approaches addressing this problem, also based on machine and deep learning techniques. However, all these…
Quantum state tomography is the standard technique for reconstructing a quantum state from experimental data. In the regime of finite statistics, experimental data cannot give perfect information about the quantum state. A common way to…
Quantum tomography is one of the major challenges of large-scale quantum information research due to the exponential time complexity. In this work, we develop and apply a Bayesian state estimation method to experimentally demonstrate…
Characterizing complex quantum systems is a vital task in quantum information science. Quantum tomography, the standard tool used for this purpose, uses a well-designed measurement record to reconstruct quantum states and processes. It is,…
Quantum computing is a growing field where the information is processed by two-levels quantum states known as qubits. Current physical realizations of qubits require a careful calibration, composed by different experiments, due to noise and…
The promise of quantum neural nets, which utilize quantum effects to model complex data sets, has made their development an aspirational goal for quantum machine learning and quantum computing in general. Here we provide new methods of…
Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes…
Neural networks are a promising tool for characterizing intermediate-scale quantum devices from limited amounts of measurement data. A challenging problem in this area is to learn the action of an unknown quantum process on an ensemble of…
Quantum state tomography is an integral part of quantum computation and offers the starting point for the validation of various quantum devices. One of the central tasks in the field of state tomography is to reconstruct with high fidelity,…
Characterizing quantum systems is a fundamental task that enables the development of quantum technologies. Various approaches, ranging from full tomography to instances of classical shadows, have been proposed to this end. However, quantum…
Multimode Gaussian states are a versatile resource for quantum information technologies and have been realized across a wide range of physical platforms. Recent progress in the large-scale generation of such states provides a key ingredient…
Given the state of a quantum system, one can calculate the expectation value of any observable of the system. However, the inverse problem of determining the state by performing different measurements is not a trivial task. In various…