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Contrastive learning has emerged as a powerful method in deep learning, excelling at learning effective representations through contrasting samples from different distributions. However, neural collapse, where embeddings converge into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Huanran Li , Manh Nguyen , Daniel Pimentel-Alarcón

We investigate Siamese networks for learning related embeddings for augmented samples of molecular conformers. We find that a non-contrastive (positive-pair only) auxiliary task aids in supervised training of Euclidean neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Michael Maser , Ji Won Park , Joshua Yao-Yu Lin , Jae Hyeon Lee , Nathan C. Frey , Andrew Watkins

We present a general methodology for using unlabeled data to design semi supervised learning (SSL) variants of the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) learning process. Focusing on generalized linear regression, we analyze of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-08 Oren Yuval , Saharon Rosset

Despite the empirical successes of self-supervised learning (SSL) methods, it is unclear what characteristics of their representations lead to high downstream accuracies. In this work, we characterize properties that SSL representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yann Dubois , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Stefano Ermon , Percy Liang

The fundamental goal of self-supervised learning (SSL) is to produce useful representations of data without access to any labels for classifying the data. Modern methods in SSL, which form representations based on known or constructed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Bobak T. Kiani , Randall Balestriero , Yubei Chen , Seth Lloyd , Yann LeCun

While the empirical success of self-supervised learning (SSL) heavily relies on the usage of deep nonlinear models, existing theoretical works on SSL understanding still focus on linear ones. In this paper, we study the role of nonlinearity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Yuandong Tian

Self-supervised learning (SSL) allows training data representations without a supervised signal and has become an important paradigm in machine learning. Most SSL methods employ the cosine similarity between embedding vectors and hence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Andrew Draganov , Sharvaree Vadgama , Sebastian Damrich , Jan Niklas Böhm , Lucas Maes , Dmitry Kobak , Erik Bekkers

Network intrusion detection, a well-explored cybersecurity field, has predominantly relied on supervised learning algorithms in the past two decades. However, their limitations in detecting only known anomalies prompt the exploration of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Hamed Fard , Tobias Schalau , Gerhard Wunder

Recently, a variety of methods under the name of non-contrastive learning (like BYOL, SimSiam, SwAV, DINO) show that when equipped with some asymmetric architectural designs, aligning positive pairs alone is sufficient to attain good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Zhijian Zhuo , Yifei Wang , Jinwen Ma , Yisen Wang

The {\em stop gradient} and {\em exponential moving average} iterative procedures are commonly used in non-contrastive approaches to self-supervised learning to avoid representation collapse, with excellent performance in downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jean Ponce , Basile Terver , Martial Hebert , Michael Arbel

We propose a novel theoretical framework to understand contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) methods that employ dual pairs of deep ReLU networks (e.g., SimCLR). First, we prove that in each SGD update of SimCLR with various loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Yuandong Tian , Lantao Yu , Xinlei Chen , Surya Ganguli

A key factor in effective Self-Supervised learning (SSL) is preventing dimensional collapse, where higher-dimensional representation spaces ($R$) span a lower-dimensional subspace. Therefore, SSL optimization strategies involve guiding a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kiran Kokilepersaud , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Joint-embedding self-supervised learning (SSL), the key paradigm for unsupervised representation learning from visual data, learns from invariances between semantically-related data pairs. We study the one-to-many mapping problem in SSL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yipeng Zhang , Hafez Ghaemi , Jungyoon Lee , Shahab Bakhtiari , Eilif B. Muller , Laurent Charlin

Self-supervised learning (SSL) typically learns representations invariant to semantic-preserving augmentations. While effective for recognition, enforcing strong invariance can suppress transformation-dependent structure that is useful for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Joohyung Lee , Changhun Kim , Hyunsu Kim , Kwanhyung Lee , Juho Lee

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning approach where the data itself provides supervision, eliminating the need for external labels. The model is forced to learn about the data structure or context by solving a pretext task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Markus Marks , Manuel Knott , Neehar Kondapaneni , Elijah Cole , Thijs Defraeye , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Pietro Perona

Neural networks exhibit severe brittleness to semantically irrelevant transformations. A mere 75ms electrocardiogram (ECG) phase shift degrades latent cosine similarity from 1.0 to 0.2, while sensor rotations collapse activity recognition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Zhengyang Shen , Hua Tu , Mayue Shi

Inspired by the success of Self-supervised learning (SSL) in learning visual representations from unlabeled data, a few recent works have studied SSL in the context of continual learning (CL), where multiple tasks are learned sequentially,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Li Yang , Sen Lin , Fan Zhang , Junshan Zhang , Deliang Fan

Meta-learning that uses implicit gradient have provided an exciting alternative to standard techniques which depend on the trajectory of the inner loop training. Implicit meta-learning (IML), however, require computing $2^{nd}$ order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Fady Rezk

Contrastive self-supervised learning (CSL) has managed to match or surpass the performance of supervised learning in image and video classification. However, it is still largely unknown if the nature of the representations induced by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Rohit Gupta , Naveed Akhtar , Ajmal Mian , Mubarak Shah

Self-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms have emerged as powerful tools that can leverage large quantities of unlabeled audio data to pre-train robust representations that support strong performance on diverse downstream tasks. Up to now…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-05 Mattson Ogg