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The goal of this paper is to review the theoretical basis for achieving a faithful quantum information transmission and processing in the presence of noise. Initially encoding and decoding, implementing gates and quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. J. Salas

Photon loss is destructive to the performance of quantum photonic devices and therefore suppressing the effects of photon loss is paramount to photonic quantum technologies. We present two schemes to mitigate the effects of photon loss for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Daiqin Su , Robert Israel , Kunal Sharma , Haoyu Qi , Ish Dhand , Kamil Brádler

We establish the connection between a recent new construction technique for quantum error correcting codes, based on graphs, and the so-called stabilizer codes: Each stabilizer code can be realized as a graph code and vice versa.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Schlingemann

Active quantum error correction using qubit stabilizer codes has emerged as a promising, but experimentally challenging, engineering program for building a universal quantum computer. In this review we consider the formalism of qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-13 Barbara M. Terhal

Fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on scaling up quantum error correcting codes in order to suppress the error rate on the encoded quantum states. Topological codes, such as the surface code or color codes are leading candidates for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Pedro Parrado-Rodríguez , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

Highly accurate and robust control of quantum operations is vital for the realization of error-correctible quantum computation. In this paper, we show that the robustness of high-precision controls can be remarkably enhanced through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Xiaozhen Ge , Re-Bing Wu

We introduce a construction for protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing based on code concatenation and transversal gates. These protocols can be interpreted as families of quantum circuits of low-weight stabilizer measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Daniel Litinski

Quantum advantage requires overcoming noise-induced degradation of quantum systems. Conventional methods for reducing noise such as error mitigation face scalability issues in deep circuits. Specifically, noise hampers the extraction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Yonglong Ding , Ruyu Yang

We establish and explore a new connection between quantum information theory and classical statistical mechanics by studying the problem of qubit losses in 2D topological color codes. We introduce a protocol to cope with qubit losses, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 D. Vodola , D. Amaro , M. A. Martin-Delgado , M. Müller

Quantum repeaters constitute a promising platform for enabling long distance quantum communication and may ultimately serve as the backbone of a secure quantum internet, a scalable quantum network, or a distributed quantum computer. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 S. Nibedita Swain , Timothy C. Ralph

The first generation of multi-qubit quantum technologies will consist of noisy, intermediate-scale devices for which active error correction remains out of reach. To exploit such devices, it is thus imperative to use passive error…

Quantum error correction provides a fertile context for exploring the interplay of feedback control, microscopic physics and noncommutative probability. In this paper we deepen our understanding of this nexus through high-level analysis of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Gopal Sarma , Hideo Mabuchi

It is not so well-known that measurement-free quantum error correction protocols can be designed to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. Despite the potential advantages of using such protocols in terms of the relaxation of accuracy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-02 Gerardo A. Paz-Silva , Gavin K. Brennen , Jason Twamley

Traditional quantum error correction involves the redundant encoding of k quantum bits using n quantum bits to allow the detection and correction of any t bit error. The smallest general t=1 code requires n=5 for k=1. However, the dominant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 I. L. Chuang , Debbie W. Leung , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Many physical implementations of qubits---including ion traps, optical lattices and linear optics---suffer from loss. A nonzero probability of irretrievably losing a qubit can be a substantial obstacle to fault-tolerant methods of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Joel J. Wallman , Marie Barnhill , Joseph Emerson

Quantum error correction protocols have been developed to offset the high sensitivity to noise inherent in quantum systems. However, much is still unknown about the behaviour of a quantum error-correcting code under general noise, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

To realize long-distance quantum communication, it is crucial to design quantum repeater architectures that can deal with transmission losses and operational errors. Code concatenation of photonic graph codes is a promising way to achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Love Pettersson , Anders S. Sørensen

Geometric quantum computation offers a practical strategy toward robust quantum computation due to its inherently error tolerance. However, the rigorous geometric conditions lead to complex and/or error-disturbed quantum controls,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-28 Tao Chen , Zheng-Yuan Xue , Z. D. Wang

Channel capacities quantify the optimal rates of sending information reliably over noisy channels. Usually, the study of capacities assumes that the circuits which sender and receiver use for encoding and decoding consist of perfectly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-15 Paula Belzig , Matthias Christandl , Alexander Müller-Hermes

The quantum statistical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field establish a limit, known as the shot-noise limit, on the sensitivity of optical measurements performed with classical technologies. However, quantum technologies are not…

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