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As post hoc explanation methods are increasingly being leveraged to explain complex models in high-stakes settings, it becomes critical to ensure that the quality of the resulting explanations is consistently high across various population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Jessica Dai , Sohini Upadhyay , Ulrich Aivodji , Stephen H. Bach , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Deep neural classifiers tend to rely on spurious correlations between spurious attributes of inputs and targets to make predictions, which could jeopardize their generalization capability. Training classifiers robust to spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Guangtao Zheng , Wenqian Ye , Aidong Zhang

Deep neural networks often exploit *spurious* features that are present in the majority of examples within a class during training. This leads to *poor worst-group test accuracy*, i.e., poor accuracy for minority groups that lack these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Siddharth Joshi , Yu Yang , Yihao Xue , Wenhan Yang , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Modern machine learning methods including deep learning have achieved great success in predictive accuracy for supervised learning tasks, but may still fall short in giving useful estimates of their predictive {\em uncertainty}. Quantifying…

Code language models are increasingly adopted for both understanding and generative tasks. Despite their success, these models frequently produce overconfident incorrect predictions and underconfident correct predictions, undermining their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ravishka Rathnasuriya , Wei Yang

Deep neural networks, while powerful for image classification, often operate as "black boxes," complicating the understanding of their decision-making processes. Various explanation methods, particularly those generating saliency maps, aim…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Tristan Gomez , Harold Mouchère

Although deep models achieve high predictive performance, it is difficult for humans to understand the predictions they made. Explainability is important for real-world applications to justify their reliability. Many example-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-08 Tomoharu Iwata , Yuya Yoshikawa

Despite the widespread adoption of autoregressive language models, explainability evaluation research has predominantly focused on span infilling and masked language models. Evaluating the faithfulness of an explanation method -- how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Sepehr Kamahi , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

There have been several research works proposing new Explainable AI (XAI) methods designed to generate model explanations having specific properties, or desiderata, such as fidelity, robustness, or human-interpretability. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Sérgio Jesus , Catarina Belém , Vladimir Balayan , João Bento , Pedro Saleiro , Pedro Bizarro , João Gama

Causal discovery can be a powerful tool for investigating causality when a system can be observed but is inaccessible to experiments in practice. Despite this, it is rarely used in any scientific or medical fields. One of the major hurdles…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-07 Erich Kummerfeld , Alexander Rix

Clustering algorithms rely on complex optimisation processes that may be difficult to comprehend, especially for individuals who lack technical expertise. While many explainable artificial intelligence techniques exist for supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Aurora Spagnol , Kacper Sokol , Pietro Barbiero , Marc Langheinrich , Martin Gjoreski

Learning causal relationships among a set of variables, as encoded by a directed acyclic graph, from observational data is complicated by the presence of unobserved confounders. Instrumental variables (IVs) are a popular remedy for this…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-17 Jing Zou , Wei Li , Wei Lin

Interpreting the inner function of neural networks is crucial for the trustworthy development and deployment of these black-box models. Prior interpretability methods focus on correlation-based measures to attribute model decisions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ola Ahmad , Nicolas Bereux , Loïc Baret , Vahid Hashemi , Freddy Lecue

A multitude of explainability methods and associated fidelity performance metrics have been proposed to help better understand how modern AI systems make decisions. However, much of the current work has remained theoretical -- without much…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Julien Colin , Thomas Fel , Remi Cadene , Thomas Serre

Recent years have witnessed the great success of self-supervised learning (SSL) in recommendation systems. However, SSL recommender models are likely to suffer from spurious correlations, leading to poor generalization. To mitigate spurious…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Xinyu Lin , Yiyan Xu , Wenjie Wang , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng

We introduce methods for discovering and applying sparse feature circuits. These are causally implicated subnetworks of human-interpretable features for explaining language model behaviors. Circuits identified in prior work consist of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Samuel Marks , Can Rager , Eric J. Michaud , Yonatan Belinkov , David Bau , Aaron Mueller

We study the robustness of global post-hoc explanations for predictive models trained on tabular data. Effects of predictor features in black-box supervised learning are an essential diagnostic tool for model debugging and scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hubert Baniecki , Giuseppe Casalicchio , Bernd Bischl , Przemyslaw Biecek

Conformal unlearning aims to ensure that a trained conformal predictor miscovers data points with specific shared characteristics, such as those from a particular label class, associated with a specific user, or belonging to a defined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yahya Alkhatib , Muhammad Ahmar Jamal , Wee Peng Tay

Deep learning models are widely used for image analysis. While they offer high performance in terms of accuracy, people are concerned about if these models inappropriately make inferences using irrelevant features that are not encoded from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Yongqiang Tian , Shiqing Ma , Ming Wen , Yepang Liu , Shing-Chi Cheung , Xiangyu Zhang

There have been several post-hoc explanation approaches developed to explain pre-trained black-box neural networks. However, there is still a gap in research efforts toward designing neural networks that are inherently explainable. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Subash Khanal , Benjamin Brodie , Xin Xing , Ai-Ling Lin , Nathan Jacobs