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Time series with non-uniform intervals occur in many applications, and are difficult to model using standard recurrent neural networks (RNNs). We generalize RNNs to have continuous-time hidden dynamics defined by ordinary differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Yulia Rubanova , Ricky T. Q. Chen , David Duvenaud

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with continuous-time hidden states are a natural fit for modeling irregularly-sampled time series. These models, however, face difficulties when the input data possess long-term dependencies. We prove that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Mathias Lechner , Ramin Hasani

Neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODEs) is a class of machine learning models that approximate the time derivative of hidden states using a neural network. They are powerful tools for modeling continuous-time dynamical systems,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-16 Wenbo Hao

Neural differential equations are a promising new member in the neural network family. They show the potential of differential equations for time series data analysis. In this paper, the strength of the ordinary differential equation (ODE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Mansura Habiba , Barak A. Pearlmutter

The neural Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model has shown success in learning complex continuous-time processes from observations on discrete time stamps. In this work, we consider the modeling and forecasting of time series data that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-05 Yixuan Tan , Liyan Xie , Xiuyuan Cheng

Modeling the evolution of system with time-series data is a challenging and critical task in a wide range of fields, especially when the time-series data is regularly sampled and partially observable. Some methods have been proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mengbang Zou , Weisi Guo

Causal inference in continuous-time sequential decision problems is challenged by hidden confounders. We show that, in latent state-space models with time-varying interventions, observability of the latent dynamics from observed data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jennifer Wendland , Nicolas Freitag , Maik Kschischo

Time-series data in real-world settings typically exhibit long-range dependencies and are observed at non-uniform intervals. In these settings, traditional sequence-based recurrent models struggle. To overcome this, researchers often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-14 Fernando Moreno-Pino , Álvaro Arroyo , Harrison Waldon , Xiaowen Dong , Álvaro Cartea

The idea of neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) is to approximate the derivative of a function (data model) instead of the function itself. In residual networks, instead of having a discrete sequence of hidden layers, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Seyedalireza Khoshsirat , Chandra Kambhamettu

To derive the hidden dynamics from observed data is one of the fundamental but also challenging problems in many different fields. In this study, we propose a new type of interpretable network called the ordinary differential equation…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-10-19 Pipi Hu , Wuyue Yang , Yi Zhu , Liu Hong

Irregular sampling intervals and missing values in real-world time series data present challenges for conventional methods that assume consistent intervals and complete data. Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 YongKyung Oh , Dong-Young Lim , Sungil Kim

Classical neural ODEs trained with explicit methods are intrinsically limited by stability, crippling their efficiency and robustness for stiff learning problems that are common in graph learning and scientific machine learning. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Hong Zhang , Ying Liu , Romit Maulik

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) use a neural network to model the instantaneous rate of change in the state of a system. However, despite their apparent suitability for dynamics-governed time-series, NODEs present a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Alexander Norcliffe , Cristian Bodnar , Ben Day , Jacob Moss , Pietro Liò

Irregularly sampled time series with missing values are often observed in multiple real-world applications such as healthcare, climate and astronomy. They pose a significant challenge to standard deep learning models that operate only on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Christian Klötergens , Vijaya Krishna Yalavarthi , Maximilian Stubbemann , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Deep sequence models have achieved notable success in time-series analysis, such as interpolation and forecasting. Recent advances move beyond discrete-time architectures like Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) toward continuous-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haoran Li , Muhao Guo , Yang Weng , Hanghang Tong

The neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework has emerged as a powerful tool for developing accelerated surrogate models of complex physical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). A popular approach for PDE…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-26 Ashish S. Nair , Shivam Barwey , Pinaki Pal , Jonathan F. MacArt , Troy Arcomano , Romit Maulik

Neural networks are a popular tool for modeling sequential data but they generally do not treat time as a continuous variable. Neural ODEs represent an important exception: they parameterize the time derivative of a hidden state with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Sam Greydanus , Stefan Lee , Alan Fern

Residual networks (ResNets) are a deep learning architecture that substantially improved the state of the art performance in certain supervised learning tasks. Since then, they have received continuously growing attention. ResNets have a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Johannes Müller

Numerical simulation of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be challenging when the system exhibits high accelerations and rapidly changing dynamics. Under these conditions the ODE solver often needs to take very small time steps in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Andrew Tagg , Andrew Frandsen , Andrew Ning

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) represent a significant advancement at the intersection of machine learning and dynamical systems, offering a continuous-time analog to discrete neural networks. Despite their promise, deploying…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Matteo Caldana , Jan S. Hesthaven
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