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Results from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) establish the comparative effectiveness of interventions, and are in turn critical inputs for evidence-based care. However, results from RCTs are presented in (often unstructured) natural…
Clinical trials provide essential guidance for practicing Evidence-Based Medicine, though often accompanying with unendurable costs and risks. To optimize the design of clinical trials, we introduce a novel Clinical Trial Result Prediction…
Due to increased access to clinical trial outcomes and analysis, researchers and scientists are able to iterate or improve upon relevant approaches more effectively. However, the metrics and related results of clinical trials typically do…
The most dangerous error in clinical trial interpretation is equating p > 0.05 with no effect. This review provides a practical, algorithm-based framework for classifying randomized controlled trial (RCT) results into six distinct…
The fundamental process of evidence extraction and synthesis in evidence-based medicine involves extracting PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) elements from biomedical literature. However, Outcomes, being the most…
In recent years, there has been a surge in the publication of clinical trial reports, making it challenging to conduct systematic reviews. Automatically extracting Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) from clinical trial…
Pragmatic trials increasingly define outcomes using real-world data such as electronic health records, where assessments are collected during routine care rather than at fixed timepoints. Consequently, these uncontrolled assessments may be…
Objective: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are widely considered as gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of new health interventions. When treatment non-compliance is present in RCTs, the treatment effect in the subgroup of…
The best evidence concerning comparative treatment effectiveness comes from clinical trials, the results of which are reported in unstructured articles. Medical experts must manually extract information from articles to inform…
In clinical research and clinical decision-making, it is important to know if a study changes or only supports the current standards of care for specific disease management. We define such a change as transformative and a support as…
In this paper, we reflect on ways to improve the quality of bio-medical information retrieval by drawing implicit negative feedback from negated information in noisy natural language search queries. We begin by studying the extent to which…
Confounding is a significant obstacle to unbiased estimation of causal effects from observational data. For settings with high-dimensional covariates -- such as text data, genomics, or the behavioral social sciences -- researchers have…
Quantifying the impact of scientific papers objectively is crucial for research output assessment, which subsequently affects institution and country rankings, research funding allocations, academic recruitment and national/international…
This research on data extraction methods applies recent advances in natural language processing to evidence synthesis based on medical texts. Texts of interest include abstracts of clinical trials in English and in multilingual contexts.…
Outcome prediction from clinical text can prevent doctors from overlooking possible risks and help hospitals to plan capacities. We simulate patients at admission time, when decision support can be especially valuable, and contribute a…
The rapid growth in published clinical trials makes it difficult to maintain up-to-date systematic reviews, which requires finding all relevant trials. This leads to policy and practice decisions based on out-of-date, incomplete, and biased…
Precision medicine seeks to match patients with treatments that produce the greatest benefit. The Predicted Individual Treatment Effect (PITE)-the difference between predicted outcomes under treatment and control-quantifies this benefit but…
Effective decision making from randomised controlled clinical trials relies on robust interpretation of the numerical results. However, the language we use to describe clinical trials can cause confusion both in trial design and in…
Meta-analyses statistically aggregate the findings of different randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess treatment effectiveness. Because this yields robust estimates of treatment effectiveness, results from meta-analyses are…
Evidence-based medicine, the practice in which healthcare professionals refer to the best available evidence when making decisions, forms the foundation of modern healthcare. However, it relies on labour-intensive systematic reviews, where…