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Predictive models that generalize well under distributional shift are often desirable and sometimes crucial to building robust and reliable machine learning applications. We focus on distributional shift that arises in causal inference from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-27 Fredrik D. Johansson , Nathan Kallus , Uri Shalit , David Sontag

The lack of interpretability and transparency are preventing economists from using advanced tools like neural networks in their empirical research. In this paper, we propose a class of interpretable neural network models that can achieve…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-01 Yucheng Yang , Zhong Zheng , Weinan E

Regression methods assume that accurate labels are available for training. However, in certain scenarios, obtaining accurate labels may not be feasible, and relying on multiple specialists with differing opinions becomes necessary. Existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-15 Milene Regina dos Santos , Rafael Izbicki

This paper explores the much discussed, possible explanatory link between attention weights (AW) in transformer models and predicted output. Contrary to intuition and early research on attention, more recent prior research has provided…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Omar Naim , Nicholas Asher

The factor modeling for high-dimensional time series is powerful in discovering latent common components for dimension reduction and information extraction. Most available estimation methods can be divided into two categories: the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Xinghao Qiao , Zihan Wang , Qiwei Yao , Bo Zhang

Modeling uncertainty in deep neural networks, despite recent important advances, is still an open problem. Bayesian neural networks are a powerful solution, where the prior over network weights is a design choice, often a normal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Yaniv Gurwicz , Shami Nisimov , Gal Novik

Attention mechanisms have recently boosted performance on a range of NLP tasks. Because attention layers explicitly weight input components' representations, it is also often assumed that attention can be used to identify information that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Sofia Serrano , Noah A. Smith

We propose a novel high-performance and interpretable canonical deep tabular data learning architecture, TabNet. TabNet uses sequential attention to choose which features to reason from at each decision step, enabling interpretability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

Instrumental variable methods are fundamental to causal inference when treatment assignment is confounded by unobserved variables. In this article, we develop a general nonparametric causal framework for identification and learning with…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Shuyuan Chen , Peng Zhang , Yifan Cui

We propose a diffractive neural network with strong robustness based on Weight Noise Injection training, which achieves accurate and fast optical-based classification while diffraction layers have a certain amount of surface shape error. To…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Jiashuo Shi

Generative models are often conditioned on a small set of examples via cross-attention. Under the Gaussian optimal-transport path, we show that the exact velocity field induced by a finite support set is a Nadaraya--Watson kernel smoother…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Daniel Matsui Smola

Shapley values provide model agnostic feature attributions for model outcome at a particular instance by simulating feature absence under a global population distribution. The use of a global population can lead to potentially misleading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Sahra Ghalebikesabi , Lucile Ter-Minassian , Karla Diaz-Ordaz , Chris Holmes

Calibration error is commonly adopted for evaluating the quality of uncertainty estimators in deep neural networks. In this paper, we argue that such a metric is highly beneficial for training predictive models, even when we do not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Bindya Venkatesh , Deepta Rajan

As deep neural networks (DNNs) get adopted in an ever-increasing number of applications, explainability has emerged as a crucial desideratum for these models. In many real-world tasks, one of the principal reasons for requiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Vedant Nanda , Till Speicher , John P. Dickerson , Krishna P. Gummadi , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

We consider the setting where many networks are observed on a common node set, and each observation comprises edge weights of a network, covariates observed at each node, and an overall response. The goal is to use the edge weights and node…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-23 Daniel Kessler , Keith Levin , Elizaveta Levina

Large language models store all learned knowledge in a single, fixed weight vector. Teaching a model new capabilities requires modifying those same weights, inevitably degrading previously acquired knowledge. This fundamental limitation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sarim Chaudhry

Fully Connected Neural Networks (FCNNs) are often regarded as simple and intuitive architectures, yet they serve as the foundation for more complex models. Nonetheless, the lack of consensus on their interpretability continues to pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Thodoris Lymperopoulos , Denia Kanellopoulou

In-context learning with attention enables large neural networks to make context-specific predictions by selectively focusing on relevant examples. Here, we adapt this idea to supervised learning procedures such as lasso regression and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-11 Erin Craig , Robert Tibshirani

We introduce an adaptive method with formal quality guarantees for weak supervision in a non-stationary setting. Our goal is to infer the unknown labels of a sequence of data by using weak supervision sources that provide independent noisy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Alessio Mazzetto , Reza Esfandiarpoor , Akash Singirikonda , Eli Upfal , Stephen H. Bach

An interpretable model or method has several appealing features, such as reliability to adversarial examples, transparency of decision-making, and communication facilitator. However, interpretability is a subjective concept, and even its…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-25 Tianyu Zhan , Jian Kang