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Techniques are developed for creating new and general language families of only semilinear languages, and for showing families only contain semilinear languages. It is shown that for language families L that are semilinear full trios, the…
We look at nondeterministic finite automata augmented with multiple reversal-bounded counters where, during an accepting computation, the behavior of the counters is specified by some fixed pattern. These patterns can serve as a useful…
Indexed languages are a classical notion in formal language theory, which has attracted attention in recent decades due to its role in higher-order model checking: They are precisely the languages accepted by order-2 pushdown automata. The…
Commutative languages with the semilinear property (SLIP) can be naturally recognized by real-time NLOG-SPACE multi-counter machines. We show that unions and concatenations of such languages can be similarly recognized, relying on -- and…
Matrix grammars are one of the first approaches ever proposed in regulated rewriting, prescribing that rules have to be applied in a certain order. Originally, they have been introduced by \'Abrah\'am on linguistic grounds. In traditional…
We study counting-regular languages -- these are languages $L$ for which there is a regular language $L'$ such that the number of strings of length $n$ in $L$ and $L'$ are the same for all $n$. We show that the languages accepted by…
Given two languages, a separator is a third language that contains the first one and is disjoint from the second one. We investigate the following decision problem: given two regular input languages of finite words, decide whether there…
We continue the research on the generative capacity of contextual grammars where contexts are adjoined around whole words (externally) or around subwords (internally) which belong to special regular selection languages. All languages…
An automaton is unambiguous if for every input it has at most one accepting computation. An automaton is k-ambiguous (for k > 0) if for every input it has at most k accepting computations. An automaton is boundedly ambiguous if it is…
Many formal languages include binders as well as operators that satisfy equational axioms, such as commutativity. Here we consider the nominal language, a general formal framework which provides support for the representation of binders,…
Sequential Constraint Grammar (SCG) (Karlsson, 1990) and its extensions have lacked clear connections to formal language theory. The purpose of this article is to lay a foundation for these connections by simplifying the definition of…
We identify a subclass of the regular commutative languages that is closed under the iterated shuffle, or shuffle closure. In particular, it is regularity-preserving on this subclass. This subclass contains the commutative group languages…
Recently, it has been shown that every recursively enumerable language can be generated by a scattered context grammar with no more than three nonterminals. However, in that construction, the maximal number of nonterminals simultaneously…
Several insertion operations are studied applied to languages accepted by one-way and two-way deterministic reversal-bounded multicounter machines. These operations are defined by the ideals obtained from relations such as the prefix,…
The downward closure of a word language is the set of all (not necessarily contiguous) subwords of its members. It is well-known that the downward closure of any language is regular. While the downward closure appears to be a powerful…
There are many types of automata and grammar models that have been studied in the literature, and for these models, it is common to determine whether certain problems are decidable. One problem that has been difficult to answer throughout…
This paper presents a restricted form of linear indexed grammars, called even linear indexed grammars, which yield the even linear indexed languages. These languages properly contain the context-free languages and are contained in the set…
The family, L(INDLIN), of languages generated by linear indexed grammars has been studied in the literature. It is known that the Parikh image of every language in L(INDLIN) is semi-linear. However, there are bounded semi linear languages…
Many different deletion operations are investigated applied to languages accepted by one-way and two-way deterministic reversal-bounded multicounter machines, deterministic pushdown automata, and finite automata. Operations studied include…
Deterministic synchronous systems consisting of two finite automata running in opposite directions on a shared read-only input are studied with respect to their ability to perform reversible computations, which means that the automata are…