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Related papers: The Importance of Variable Importance

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Estimating the importance of variables is an essential task in modern machine learning. This help to evaluate the goodness of a feature in a given model. Several techniques for estimating the importance of variables have been developed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-09 Louis Mozart Kamdem , Ernest Fokoue

Game-theoretic formulations of feature importance have become popular as a way to "explain" machine learning models. These methods define a cooperative game between the features of a model and distribute influence among these input elements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-01 I. Elizabeth Kumar , Suresh Venkatasubramanian , Carlos Scheidegger , Sorelle Friedler

This paper fills the limited statistical understanding of Shapley values as a variable importance measure from a nonparametric (or smoothing) perspective. We introduce population-level \textit{Shapley curves} to measure the true variable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-04 Ratmir Miftachov , Georg Keilbar , Wolfgang Karl Härdle

Shapley values are widely used for model-agnostic data valuation and feature attribution, yet they implicitly assume contributors are interchangeable. This can be problematic when contributors are dependent (e.g., reused/augmented data or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Kiljae Lee , Ziqi Liu , Weijing Tang , Yuan Zhang

We consider Bayesian inference by importance sampling when the likelihood is analytically intractable but can be unbiasedly estimated. We refer to this procedure as importance sampling squared (IS2), as we can often estimate the likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-26 Minh-Ngoc Tran , Marcel Scharth , Michael K. Pitt , Robert Kohn

In this paper we define a population parameter, ``Generalized Variable Importance Metric (GVIM)'', to measure importance of predictors for black box machine learning methods, where the importance is not represented by model-based parameter.…

Computation · Statistics 2023-12-27 Mohammad Kaviul Anam Khan , Olli Saarela , Rafal Kustra

In this paper, we consider a perturbation-based metric of predictive faithfulness of feature rankings (or attributions) that we call PGI squared. When applied to decision tree-based regression models, the metric can be computed accurately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mateusz Gajewski , Adam Karczmarz , Mateusz Rapicki , Piotr Sankowski

Importance sampling is a widely used technique to estimate properties of a distribution. This paper investigates trading-off some bias for variance by adaptively winsorizing the importance sampling estimator. The novel winsorizing…

Computation · Statistics 2021-02-10 Paulo Orenstein

Variable importance (VI) methods are often used for hypothesis generation, feature selection, and scientific validation. In the standard VI pipeline, an analyst estimates VI for a single predictive model with only the observed features.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jon Donnelly , Srikar Katta , Emanuele Borgonovo , Cynthia Rudin

Distributional Random Forest (DRF) is a flexible forest-based method to estimate the full conditional distribution of a multivariate output of interest given input variables. In this article, we introduce a variable importance algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-15 Clément Bénard , Jeffrey Näf , Julie Josse

With now well-recognized non-negligible model selection uncertainty, data analysts should no longer be satisfied with the output of a single final model from a model selection process, regardless of its sophistication. To improve…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-03 Chenglong Ye , Yi Yang , Yuhong Yang

Feature importance scores are ubiquitous tools for understanding the predictions of machine learning models. However, many popular attribution methods suffer from high instability due to random sampling. Leveraging novel ideas from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Jeremy Goldwasser , Giles Hooker

Because of the widespread use of black box prediction methods such as random forests and neural nets, there is renewed interest in developing methods for quantifying variable importance as part of the broader goal of interpretable…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-23 Isabella Verdinelli , Larry Wasserman

Complex problems may require sophisticated, non-linear learning methods such as kernel machines or deep neural networks to achieve state of the art prediction accuracies. However, high prediction accuracies are not the only objective to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Marina M. -C. Vidovic , Nico Görnitz , Klaus-Robert Müller , Marius Kloft

Shapley value is a popular approach for measuring the influence of individual features. While Shapley feature attribution is built upon desiderata from game theory, some of its constraints may be less natural in certain machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Yongchan Kwon , James Zou

The basic idea of importance sampling is to use independent samples from a proposal measure in order to approximate expectations with respect to a target measure. It is key to understand how many samples are required in order to guarantee…

Computation · Statistics 2017-01-17 S. Agapiou , O. Papaspiliopoulos , D. Sanz-Alonso , A. M. Stuart

Variable importance is one of the most widely used measures for interpreting machine learning with significant interest from both statistics and machine learning communities. Recently, increasing attention has been directed toward…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-22 Xiaohan Wang , Yunzhe Zhou , Giles Hooker

Interpreting black-box machine learning models is challenging due to their strong dependence on data and inherently non-parametric nature. This paper reintroduces the concept of importance through "Marginal Variable Importance Metric"…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-30 Mohammad Kaviul Anam Khan , Olli Saarela , Rafal Kustra

Quantifying variable importance is essential for answering high-stakes questions in fields like genetics, public policy, and medicine. Current methods generally calculate variable importance for a given model trained on a given dataset.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Jon Donnelly , Srikar Katta , Cynthia Rudin , Edward P. Browne

Feature-importance methods show promise in transforming machine learning models from predictive engines into tools for scientific discovery. However, due to data sampling and algorithmic stochasticity, expressive models can be unstable,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Joseph Paillard , Angel Reyero Lobo , Denis A. Engemann , Bertrand Thirion