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We study the multi-agent safe control problem where agents should avoid collisions to static obstacles and collisions with each other while reaching their goals. Our core idea is to learn the multi-agent control policy jointly with learning…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Zengyi Qin , Kaiqing Zhang , Yuxiao Chen , Jingkai Chen , Chuchu Fan

Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) is an off-policy actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm, essentially based on entropy regularization. SAC trains a policy by maximizing the trade-off between expected return and entropy (randomness in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Chayan Banerjee , Zhiyong Chen , Nasimul Noman

Quadruped robots are designed to achieve agile and robust locomotion by drawing inspiration from legged animals. However, most existing control methods for quadruped robots lack a key capacity observed in animals: the ability to exhibit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Aoqian Zhang , Zixuan Zhuang , Chunzheng Wang , Shuzhi Sam Ge , Fan Shi , Cheng Xiang

Autonomous driving with reinforcement learning (RL) has significant potential. However, applying RL in real-world settings remains challenging due to the need for safe, efficient, and robust learning. Incorporating human expertise into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Li Zeqiao , Wang Yijing , Wang Haoyu , Li Zheng , Li Peng , Liu Wenfei , Zuo Zhiqiang

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has demonstrated remarkable success in developing autonomous driving policies. However, its vulnerability to adversarial attacks remains a critical barrier to real-world deployment. Although existing robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junchao Fan , Qi Wei , Ruichen Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Yang Lu , Jianhua Wang , Xiaolin Chang , Bo Ai

Training a model-free reinforcement learning agent requires allowing the agent to sufficiently explore the environment to search for an optimal policy. In safety-constrained environments, utilizing unsupervised exploration or a non-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Erfan Entezami , Mahsa Sahebdel , Dhawal Gupta

Reinforcement learning algorithms have shown great success in solving different problems ranging from playing video games to robotics. However, they struggle to solve delicate robotic problems, especially those involving contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Miroslav Bogdanovic , Majid Khadiv , Ludovic Righetti

Benefiting from the rapid development of deep learning, 2D and 3D computer vision applications are deployed in many safe-critical systems, such as autopilot and identity authentication. However, deep learning models are not trustworthy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yanjie Li , Bin Xie , Songtao Guo , Yuanyuan Yang , Bin Xiao

Simulating hostile attacks of physical autonomous systems can be a useful tool to examine their robustness to attack and inform vulnerability-aware design. In this work, we examine this through the lens of multi-robot patrol, by presenting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 James C. Ward , Alex Bott , Connor York , Edmund R. Hunt

During recent years, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has made successful incursions into complex decision-making applications such as robotics, autonomous driving or video games. Off-policy algorithms tend to be more sample-efficient than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Jesus Bujalance Martin , Raphael Chekroun , Fabien Moutarde

Existing approaches in reinforcement learning train an agent to learn desired optimal behavior in an environment with rule based surrounding agents. In safety critical applications such as autonomous driving it is crucial that the rule…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Arjun Srinivasan , Anubhav Paras , Aniket Bera

With the explosive growth of rigid-body simulators, policy learning in simulation has become the de facto standard for most rigid morphologies. In contrast, soft robotic simulation frameworks remain scarce and are seldom adopted by the soft…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Andrew Choi , Dezhong Tong

This paper proposes the Cooperative Soft Actor Critic (CSAC) method of enabling consecutive reinforcement learning agents to cooperatively solve a long time horizon multi-stage task. This method is achieved by modifying the policy of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Jordan Erskine , Chris Lehnert

Large-scale data is crucial for learning realistic and capable driving policies. However, it can be impractical to rely on scaling datasets with real data alone. The majority of driving data is uninteresting, and deliberately collecting new…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Chris Zhang , Sourav Biswas , Kelvin Wong , Kion Fallah , Lunjun Zhang , Dian Chen , Sergio Casas , Raquel Urtasun

Risk-bounded motion planning is an important yet difficult problem for safety-critical tasks. While existing mathematical programming methods offer theoretical guarantees in the context of constrained Markov decision processes, they either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Xin Huang , Meng Feng , Ashkan Jasour , Guy Rosman , Brian Williams

Autonomous vehicles hold great promise for reducing traffic fatalities and improving transportation efficiency, yet their widespread adoption hinges on embedding credible and transparent ethical reasoning into routine and emergency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Dianzhao Li , Ostap Okhrin

For robots to successfully transition from lab settings to everyday environments, they must begin to reason about the risks associated with their actions and make informed, risk-aware decisions. This is particularly true for robots…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Michael Groom , James Wilson , Nick Hawes , Lars Kunze

Safety is one of the key issues preventing the deployment of reinforcement learning techniques in real-world robots. While most approaches in the Safe Reinforcement Learning area do not require prior knowledge of constraints and robot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jonas Günster , Puze Liu , Jan Peters , Davide Tateo

Ensuring safety for human-interactive robotics is important due to the potential for human injury. The key challenge is defining safety in a way that accounts for the complex range of human behaviors without modeling the human as an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Jeevana Priya Inala , Yecheng Jason Ma , Osbert Bastani , Xin Zhang , Armando Solar-Lezama

Reusing previously trained models is critical in deep reinforcement learning to speed up training of new agents. However, it is unclear how to acquire new skills when objectives and constraints are in conflict with previously learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Jaime S. Ide , Daria Mićović , Michael J. Guarino , Kevin Alcedo , David Rosenbluth , Adrian P. Pope